<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM12712</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-12712</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность нарушений углеводного обмена у пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with new coronavirus infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7911-2424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркова Татьяна Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор </p><p>Москва</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5914-2890</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana N. Markova, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5914-2890</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">markovatn18@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-7975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лысенко Марьяна Анатольевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Москва </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3887-6250</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mar’yana A. Lysenko, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3887-6250</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gkb52@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-3730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Анастасия Андреевна, клинический ординатор</p><p>Москва </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5076-0725</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Ivanova, MD, clinical resident</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5076-0725</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gret2212@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-3730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Елизавета Сергеевна, клинический ординатор</p><p>Москва </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 1978-2025</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Pavlova, MD, clinical resident</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 1978-2025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">litvinova.elizaveta@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6202-8821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономарева Анастасия Алексеевна, клинический ординатор </p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1 </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5252-8148</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Ponomareva, MD, clinical resident</p><p>20, p. 1, Delegatskaya st., 127473, Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5252-8148</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia.ponomariova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7974-4560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чибисова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chibisova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чибисова Валентина Владимировна, врач-эндокринолог отделения эндокринологии</p><p>Москва </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7818-5605</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina V. Chibisova, MD</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7818-5605</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lv93_93@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-8616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>Т. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaev</surname><given-names>T. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаев Теймур Карибович, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2641-5271</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teymur K. Isaev, MD, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2641-5271</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.isaev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9222-7987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синявкин</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyavkin</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синявкин Дмитрий Ованесович, заведующий отделением клинико-диагностической лаборатории №1</p><p>Москва</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 6102-7950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy O. Sinyavkin, MD</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 6102-7950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dsmaus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-5245</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мкртумян</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mkrtumyan</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мкртумян Ашот Мусаелович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Москва </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 1980-8700</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ashot M. Mkrtumyan, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 1980-8700</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vagrashot@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова;&#13;
Городская клиническая больница № 52</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry;&#13;
City Clinical Hospital 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница № 52;&#13;
Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital 52;&#13;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница № 52</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>222</fpage><lpage>230</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маркова Т.Н., Лысенко М.А., Иванова А.А., Павлова Е.С., Пономарева А.А., Чибисова В.В., Исаев Т.К., Синявкин Д.О., Мкртумян А.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маркова Т.Н., Лысенко М.А., Иванова А.А., Павлова Е.С., Пономарева А.А., Чибисова В.В., Исаев Т.К., Синявкин Д.О., Мкртумян А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markova T.N., Lysenko M.A., Ivanova A.A., Pavlova E.S., Ponomareva A.A., Chibisova V.V., Isaev T.K., Sinyavkin D.O., Mkrtumyan A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12712">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12712</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Существуют данные о многофакторном влиянии SARS-CoV2 на углеводный обмен с развитием ­гипергликемии и утяжелением COVID-19 даже у лиц без сахарного диабета (СД).</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить распространенность нарушений углеводного обмена (НУО) у госпитализированных пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией без СД в анамнезе.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. Обследованы госпитализированные в стационар пациенты с ПЦР-подтвержденным диагнозом COVID-19 18–75 лет (n=72) без СД в анамнезе. Наблюдение проводилось от момента госпитализации до выписки. Осуществляли сбор данных анамнеза, лабораторно-инструментальные исследования, оценивали уровень гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1c), глюкозу плазмы натощак (ГПН), постпрандиальную гликемию у всех пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Распространенность НУО (HbA1c≥6%) у 72 пациентов с COVID-19 без СД в анамнезе составила 41,7%, при этом HbA1c≥6,5% имели 8,3%. Медиана HbA1c в группе среднетяжелого течения составила 5,7% [5,3–6,0], а в группе тяжелого течения — 6,0% [5,8–6,2] (p=0,008). Участники были раcпределены на группы по уровням HbA1c: ≥6% и &lt;6%. ­Выявлена высокая распространенность факторов риска развития СД: возраст старше 45 лет — 83,3%, сердечно-­сосудистые заболевания — 46,3%, ожирение — 50%. По факторам риска развития СД исследуемые группы статистически не различались. В группе с HbA1c≥6% по сравнению с пациентами, имеющими HbA1c&lt;6%, ГПН≥6,1 ммоль/л и постпрандиальная гликемия ≥7,8 ммоль/л на 2-е сутки госпитализации наблюдались в большем числе случаев: 39,1% vs 12,9%, p=0,051 и 47,8% vs 3,2%, p=0,0001 соответственно. Распространенность НУО по уровню HbA1c была выше, чем по данным ГПН (41,7% vs 29,2%, p=0,006). На 7-е сутки число пациентов с ГПН≥6,1 ммоль/л в 1-й группе уменьшилось с 39,1 до 4,4% (p=0,01), а во 2-й — с 12,9 до 9,7% (p=1,0). Выявлены прямая корреляционная связь между уровнями HbA1c и С-реактивного белка (r=0,271; p=0,048) и обратная корреляционная связь с содержанием лимфоцитов в крови (r=-0,25; p=0,068).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. У пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией без СД в анамнезе выявлена высокая распространенность НУО — 41,7%. На фоне сопоставимости исследуемых групп по факторам риска развития СД повышение HbA1c, ГПН и постпрандиальной гликемии является проявлением транзиторной гипергликемии. Учитывая высокую распространенность НУО, можно предположить, что SARS-CoV2 обладает диабетогенными свойствами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGRAUND</title><p>BACKGRAUND: There is evidence of a multifactorial effect of SARS-CoV2 on carbohydrate metabolism with the development of hyperglycemia and the weighting of COVID19 even in people without DM.</p></sec><sec><title>AIMS</title><p>AIMS: Assess the prevalence of disorders carbohydrate metabolism (DCM) in hospitalized patients with a new coronavirus infection without a history of DM.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID19 aged 18-75 years (n=72) without a history of diabetes were examined. Observation was carried out from the moment of hospitalization to discharge. Patients were collected anamnesis data, laboratory and instrumental studies, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glycemia.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: The prevalence of DCM (HbA1c≥6%) in 72 patients with COVID19 without a history of diabetes admitted to the hospital was 41,7%, while HbA1c ≥6,5% had 8,3%. The median HbA1c in the moderate-flow group was 5,7% [5,3–6,0], and in the severe-flow group it was 6,0% [5,8–6,2] (p=0,008). Participants were divided into groups according to the level of HbA1c≥6% and &lt; 6%. The examined patients showed a high prevalence of risk factors for developing DM: age over 45 years — 83,3%, cardiovascular diseases — 46,3%, obesity — 50%. The study groups didn’t differ statistically in terms of risk factors for DM. In the group with HbA1c≥6%, FPG≥6,1 mmol / l on the second day and postprandial glycemia ≥7,8 mmol/l were observed in more cases than in the group with HbA1c&lt;6% (39,1% vs 12,9%, p=0,051 and 47,8% vs 3,2%, p=0,0001, respectively). The prevalence of DCM in HbA1c was higher than in FPG (41,7% vs 29,2%, p=0,006). On the seventh day, the number of patients with FPG ≥ 6,1 mmol / l in the first group decreased from 39,1% to 4,4% (p=0,01), and in the second group-from 12,9% to 9,7% (p=1,0). There was a direct correlation between the level of HbA1c and C-reactive protein (r=0,271; p=0,048), and an inverse correlation with the content of lymphocytes in the blood (r=-0,25; p=0,068).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a new coronavirus infection without a history of DM, a high prevalence of DCM was detected — 41,7%. Against the background of comparability of the studied groups by risk factors for DM, an increase in HbA1c, FPG and postprandial glycemia is a manifestation of transient hyperglycemia. Given the high prevalence of DCM, it can be assumed that SARS-CoV2 has diabetogenic properties.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV2</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>нарушения углеводного обмена</kwd><kwd>HbA1c</kwd><kwd>гипергликемия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV2</kwd><kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd><kwd>disorders of carbohydrate metabolism</kwd><kwd>HbA1c</kwd><kwd>hyperglycemia</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проведена за счет бюджетных средств учреждений</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020 [Internet] 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19–11. March 2020 [Internet] 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet] 2020. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20201012153053if_/https://covid19.who.int/table</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet] 2020. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20201012153053if_/https://covid19.who.int/table</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (‎‎COVID-19)‎‎: Situation report, 51. Geneva: WHO; 11 Mar 2020. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331475</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation report, 51. Geneva: WHO [Internet] 11 Mar 2020. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331475</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-1062. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-1062. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 - United States, February 12-March 28, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(13):382-386. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chow N, Fleming-Dutra K, Gierke R, et al. Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 — United States, February 12–March 28, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(13):382-386. doi: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan Y, Yang Y, Wang F, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020;8(1):e001343. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001343</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan Y, Yang Y, Wang F, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020;8(1):e001343. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001343</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lamers MM, Beumer J, van der Vaart J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes. Science. 2020;369(6499):50-54. doi:10.1126/science.abc1669</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lamers MM, Beumer J, van der Vaart J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes. Science. 2020;369(6499):50-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc1669</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu F, Long X, Zhang B et al. ACE2 Expression in Pancreas May Cause Pancreatic Damage After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(9):2128-2130.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu F, Long X, Zhang B, et al. ACE2 Expression in Pancreas May Cause Pancreatic Damage After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(9):2128-2130.e2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brufsky A. Hyperglycemia, hydroxychloroquine, and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):770-775. doi:10.1002/jmv.25887</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brufsky A. Hyperglycemia, hydroxychloroquine, and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):770-775. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25887</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pal R, Bhadada SK. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: An unholy interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(4):513-517. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pal R, Bhadada SK. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: An unholy interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(4):513-517. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacIntyre EJ, Majumdar SR, Gamble JM, et al. Stress hyperglycemia and newly diagnosed diabetes in 2124 patients hospitalized with pneumonia. Am J Med. 2012;125(10):1036.e17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.01.026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacIntyre EJ, Majumdar SR, Gamble JM, et al. Stress hyperglycemia and newly diagnosed diabetes in 2124 patients hospitalized with pneumonia. Am J Med. 2012;125(10):1036.e17-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.01.026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilias I, Jahaj E, Kokkoris S, et al. Clinical Study of Hyperglycemia and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients. In Vivo. 2020;34(5):3029-3032. doi:10.21873/invivo.12136</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilias I, Jahaj E, Kokkoris S, et al. Clinical Study of Hyperglycemia and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients. In Vivo. 2020;34(5):3029-3032. doi: https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.12136</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser JC. Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet. 2009;373(9677):1798-1807. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60553-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser JC. Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet. 2009;373(9677):1798-1807. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60553-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.В., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., и соавт. Клинические рекомендации. Сахарный диабет 2 типа у взрослых. Министерство Здравоохранения Российской Федерации. 2019 г. [Clinical recommendations. Diabetes mellitus type 2 in adults. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2019 (In Russ)] Доступно по ссылке: http://cr.rosminzdrav.ru/#!/recomend/970</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Maiorov AYu, et al. Clinical recommendations. Diabetes mellitus type 2 in adults. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2019 (In Russ.). Av. at: http://cr.rosminzdrav.ru/#!/recomend/970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев С.Н., Адамян Л.В., Алексеева Е.И., и соавт. Временные методические рекомендации. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Версия 7. 03.06.2020г. Доступно по ссылке: https://static-0.rosminzdrav.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/050/584/original/03062020_МR_COVID-19_v7.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avdeev SN, Adamyan LV, Alekseeva EI, et al. Temporary guidelines. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Version 7. 03.06.2020 (In Russ.). Av. at: https://static-0.rosminzdrav.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/050/584/original/03062020_МR_COVID-19_v7.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richardson S, Hirsch J, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052-2059. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6775.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richardson S, Hirsch J, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052-2059. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6775</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lihua Zhu, Zhi-Gang She, Xu Cheng, et al. Association of Blood Glucose Control and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab. 2020; 31(6):1068-1077.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lihua Zhu, Zhi-Gang She, Xu Cheng, et al. Association of Blood Glucose Control and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab. 2020; 31(6):1068-1077.e3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J, Kong W, Xia P, et al. Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes Are Related to Higher Risks of Complications and Mortality Among Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:525. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00525</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J, Kong W, Xia P, et al. Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes Are Related to Higher Risks of Complications and Mortality Among Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:525. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00525</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma J, Chittawar S, Maniram RS, et al. Clinical and epidemiological study of stress hyperglycemia among medical intensive care unit patients in Central India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017;21(1):137-141. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.196011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma J, Chittawar S, Maniram RS, et al. Clinical and epidemiological study of stress hyperglycemia among medical intensive care unit patients in Central India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017;21(1):137-141. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.196011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 26 (Suppl. 1):S5–S20, 2003 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.2007.S5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacIntyre EJ, Majumdar SR, Gamble J-M, et al. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(S1):S5-S20. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.2007.S5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marik PE, Bellomo R. Stress hyperglycemia: an essential survival response! Crit Care. 2013;17(2):305. doi:10.1186/cc12514</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marik PE, Bellomo R. Stress hyperglycemia: an essential survival response! Crit Care. 2013;17(2):305. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc12514</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schuetz P, Friedli N, Grolimund E, et al. Effect of hyperglycaemia on inflammatory and stress responses and clinical outcome of pneumonia in non-critical-care inpatients: results from an observational cohort study. Diabetologia. 2014;57(2):275-284. doi:10.1007/s00125-013-3112-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schuetz P, Friedli N, Grolimund E, et al. Effect of hyperglycaemia on inflammatory and stress responses and clinical outcome of pneumonia in non-critical-care inpatients: results from an observational cohort study. Diabetologia. 2014;57(2):275-284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-3112-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lepper PM, Ott S, Nüesch E, et al. Serum glucose levels for predicting death in patients admitted to hospital for community acquired pneumonia: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2012;344:e3397. doi:10.1136/bmj.e3397</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lepper PM, Ott S, Nüesch E, et al. Serum glucose levels for predicting death in patients admitted to hospital for community acquired pneumonia: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2012;344:e3397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3397</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bode B, Garrett V, Messler J, et al. Glycemic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020;14(4):813-821. doi:10.1177/1932296820924469</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bode B, Garrett V, Messler J, et al. Glycemic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020;14(4):813-821. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296820924469</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akirov A, Diker-Cohen T, Masri-Iraqi H, et al. Outcomes of hyperglycemia in patients with and without diabetes hospitalized for infectious diseases. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2018;34(7):e3027. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akirov A, Diker-Cohen T, Masri-Iraqi H, et al. Outcomes of hyperglycemia in patients with and without diabetes hospitalized for infectious diseases. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2018;34(7):e3027. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z, Du Z, Zhu F. Glycosylated hemoglobin is associated with systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;164:108214. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108214</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Z, Du Z, Zhu F. Glycosylated hemoglobin is associated with systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;164:108214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108214</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allard R, Leclerc P, Tremblay C, Tannenbaum TN. Diabetes and the severity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):1491-1493. doi:10.2337/dc09-2215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allard R, Leclerc P, Tremblay C, Tannenbaum TN. Diabetes and the severity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):1491-1493. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-2215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoo SG, Han KD, Lee KH, et al. Impact of Cytomegalovirus Disease on New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Population-Based Matched Case-Control Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(6):815-829. doi:10.4093/dmj.2018.0167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoo SG, Han KD, Lee KH, et al. Impact of Cytomegalovirus Disease on New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Population-Based Matched Case-Control Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(6):815-829. doi: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazmi NH, Gillani S, Afzal S, Hussain S. Correlation between glycated haemoglobin levels and random blood glucose. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2013;25(1-2):86-88</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazmi NH, Gillani S, Afzal S, Hussain S. Correlation between glycated haemoglobin levels and random blood glucose. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2013;25(1-2):86-88</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
