<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM12532</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-12532</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ранние функциональные и микроциркуляторные нарушения у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 1 типа без видимой диабетической ретинопатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Early functional and microcirculatory changes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and no apparent diabetic retinopathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-803X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стулова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stulova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стулова Анна Николаевна, аспирант кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>Факультет фундаментальной медицины</p><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 27, к. 1 </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5744-6530</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna N. Stulova, MD, PhD Student Ophthalmology Department</p><p>Faculty of Medicine</p><p>27/1 Lomonosov Av., Moscow, 119991</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5744-6530Faculty of Medicine</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna_stulova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенова Наталия Сергеевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>Факультет фундаментальной медицины</p><p>Москва</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5767-4851</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya S. Semenova, MD, PhD, associate professor at Ophthalmology Department</p><p>Faculty of Medicine</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5767-4851</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semenovans@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-0124</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железнякова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheleznyakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Железнякова Анна Викторовна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения эпидемиологии и государственного регистра СД</p><p>Москва</p><p>Scopus ID: 55939275900;</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 8102-1779;</p><p>Researcher ID: J-3455-2017</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Zheleznyakova, MD, PhD, senior research associate</p><p>Moscow</p><p>Scopus ID: 55939275900;</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 8102-1779;Researcher ID: J-3455-2017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azhelez@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-3642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акопян</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akopyan</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акопян Владимир Сергеевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор,</p><p> заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии</p><p>Москва</p><p>Факультет фундаментальной медицины</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7185-9577</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Akopyan, MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>Moscow</p><p>Faculty of Medicine</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7185-9577</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akopyan_vs@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-3392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липатов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipatov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Липатов Дмитрий Валентинович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделением диабетической ретинопатии и офтальмохирургии </p><p>Москва</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 9601-3993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Lipatov, MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of Diabetic Retinopathy and Eye Surgery</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 9601-3993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glas1966@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-127X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестакова Марина Владимировна, доктор медицинскинаук, профессор, академик РАН </p><p>Москва</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7584-7015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Shestakova, MD, PhD, Professor, Director of Diabetes Institute</p><p>Moscow</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7584-7015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nephro@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Факультет фундаментальной медицины ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии;&#13;
Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Center;&#13;
Peoples Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>243</fpage><lpage>250</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стулова А.Н., Семенова Н.С., Железнякова А.В., Акопян В.С., Липатов Д.В., Шестакова М.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стулова А.Н., Семенова Н.С., Железнякова А.В., Акопян В.С., Липатов Д.В., Шестакова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stulova A.N., Semenova N.S., Zheleznyakova A.V., Akopyan V.S., Lipatov D.V., Shestakova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12532">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12532</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР) — одно из самых частых офтальмологических осложнений сахарного диабета (СД), регистрируемое более чем у трети пациентов с СД. Выявление ранних маркеров ДР c помощью оптической когерентной томографии с функцией ангиографии (ОКТ-А) может способствовать совершенствованию диагностики и мониторинга заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить ранние функциональные и ОКТ-А-признаки ДР у пациентов с СД 1 типа (СД1) в отсутствие офтальмоскопических проявлений.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. Были обследованы 68 человек (123 глаза), из них в группу СД вошли 40 пациентов (74 глаза, длительность СД 11,7±6,1 года), в контрольную группу — 28 здоровых добровольцев (49 глаз). Критерии включения: наличие СД1, отсутствие офтальмоскопических признаков ДР; возраст от 18 до 45 лет. Всем участникам исследования был проведен стандартный офтальмологический осмотр, а также выполнена оценка остроты зрения в условиях низкой освещенности (ОЗУНО), 7-польная фоторегистрация глазного дна, ОКТ, ОКТ-А. Оцениваемые параметры: дефицит ОЗУНО, площадь фовеальной аваскулярной зоны (ФАЗ), индекс ациркулярности (ИА), сосудистая плотность (СП), скелетизированная плотность (СкП), индекс диаметра сосудов (ИДС), фрактальная размерность (ФР), толщина внутренних слоев сетчатки.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Дефицит ОЗУНО был значимо выше у пациентов с СД, чем в контрольной группе (0,16±0,05 и 0,10±0,04 соответственно, p&lt;0,0001). При оценке ОКТ-А-параметров мы обнаружили значимую разницу в показателях ИА (в группе СД — 1,47±0,24, в контрольной группе — 1,31±0,15, p&lt;0,0001). Показатели СП были значимо ниже в группе СД в поверхностном сосудистом (группа СД — 25,37±2,24%, контроль — 26,67±1,81%, p=0,028) и глубоком капиллярном сплетении (группа СД — 17,22±3,10%, контроль — 18,29±1,95%, p=0,015).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о наличии ранних функциональных и ОКТ-А-изменений на доклинической стадии ДР. Прогностическую значимость обнаруженных ОКТ-А-маркеров планируется изучить в ходе дальнейшего исследования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) which is reported to affect more than one-third of the global diabetic population. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) can help to reveal early biomarkers of DR to improve current diagnostic approach.</p></sec><sec><title>AIMS</title><p>AIMS: To evaluate early visual functions deficiency and OCT-A changes in patients with type 1 DM (T1DM) without clinical signs of DR.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. 74 eyes of 40 T1DM patients with no apparent DR and 49 eyes of 28 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The mean duration of DM was 11,7 ± 6,1 years. All participants underwent standard ophthalmological examination, low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA) assessment, 7-field fundus photography, OCT and OCT-A. We analyzed LLVA deficit as a marker of visual function. For OCT-A scans we evaluated foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (mm2), acircularity index (AI), vessel density (VD), skeletonized density (SD) and vessel diameter index (VDI) in superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: LLVA deficit was significantly higher in T1DM patients (0,16±0,05 vs 0,10±0,04, p&lt;0,0001). We also detected a significant difference in AI level (11,47 ± 0,24 vs 1,31 ± 0,15, p&lt;0,0001). VD was significantly lower in T1DM patients in SVP (25,37 ± 2,24%, vs 26,67 ± 1,81%, p=0,028) and DCP (17,22 ± 3,10 % vs 18,29 ± 1,95%, p=0,015)</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate early visual functions deficiency and OCT-A changes at the preclinical stage of DR. The prognostic value of these findings will be studied during longitudinal observation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>ретинальный кровоток</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>retinal vessels</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Липатов Д.В., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В., и др. Эпидемиология диабетической ретинопатии в Российской Федерации по данным Федерального регистра пациентов с сахарным диабетом (2013–2016 гг.) // Сахарный диабет. — 2018. — Т. 21. — №4. — С. 230-240. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM9797</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipatov DV, Vikulova OK, Zheleznyakova AV, et al. Trends in the epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in Russian Federation according to the Federal Diabetes Register (2013–2016). Diabetes Mellitus. 2018;21(4):230-240. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM9797</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом: Клинические рекомендации (Вып. 9) // Сахарный диабет. — 2019. — Т. 22. — №S1. — С.1-144. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM221S1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AYu, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Diabetes Mellitus. 2019;22(S1):1-144 (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM221S1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forte R, Haulani H, Jürgens I. Quantative and qualitative analysis of the three capillary plexuses and choriocapillaris in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy: a prospective pilot study. Retina. 2020;40(2):333-344. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000002376</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forte R, Haulani H, Jürgens I. Quantative and qualitative analysis of the three capillary plexuses and choriocapillaris in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy: a prospective pilot study. Retina. 2020;40(2):333-344. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000002376</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sunness JS, Rubin GS, Broman A, et al. Low Luminance Visual Dysfunction as a Predictor of Subsequent Visual Acuity Loss from Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(9):1480-1488. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.03.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sunness JS, Rubin GS, Broman A, et al. Low Luminance Visual Dysfunction as a Predictor of Subsequent Visual Acuity Loss from Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(9):1480-1488. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.03.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell JP, Zhang M, Hwang TS, et al. Detailed vascular anatomy of the human retina by projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campbell JP, Zhang M, Hwang TS, et al. Detailed vascular anatomy of the human retina by projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inanc M, Tekin K, Kiziltoprak H, et al. Changes in retinal microcirculation precede the clinical onset of diabetic retinopathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;207:37-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.04.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inanc M, Tekin K, Kiziltoprak H, et al. Changes in retinal microcirculation precede the clinical onset of diabetic retinopathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;207:37-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.04.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood LJ, Jolly JK, Andrews CD, et al. Low-contrast visual acuity versus low-luminance visual acuity in choroideremia. Clin Exp Optom. 2021;104(1):90-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.13087</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood LJ, Jolly JK, Andrews CD, et al. Low-contrast visual acuity versus low-luminance visual acuity in choroideremia. Clin Exp Optom. 2021;104(1):90-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.13087</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Midena E, Segato T, Giuliano M, Zucchetto M. Macular recovery function (nyctometry) in diabetics without and with early retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990;74(2):106-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.74.2.106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Midena E, Segato T, Giuliano M, Zucchetto M. Macular recovery function (nyctometry) in diabetics without and with early retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990;74(2):106-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.74.2.106</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mermeklieva EA. Pattern electroretinography and retinal changes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Neurophysiol Clin. 2019;49(3):209-215. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2019.04.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mermeklieva EA. Pattern electroretinography and retinal changes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Neurophysiol Clin. 2019;49(3):209-215. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2019.04.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулыбышева В.С., Ронзина И.А., Гамидов А.А., и др. Предикторы ранних изменений сетчатки при сахарном диабете // Офтальмология. — 2020. — Т. 17. — №1. — С. 88-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2020-1-88-95</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulybysheva VS, Ronzina IA, Gamidov AA, et al. Predictors of early retinal changes in diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology. 2020;17(1):88-95. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2020-1-88-95</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pierro L, Iuliano L, Cicinelli MV, et al. Retinal neurovascular changes appear earlier in type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2017;27(3):346-351. doi: https://doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000887</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pierro L, Iuliano L, Cicinelli MV, et al. Retinal neurovascular changes appear earlier in type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2017;27(3):346-351. doi: https://doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000887</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vujosevic S, Midena E. Retinal Layers Changes in Human Preclinical and Early Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Support Early Retinal Neuronal and Müller Cells Alterations. J Diabetes Res. 2013;2013:1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/905058</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vujosevic S, Midena E. Retinal Layers Changes in Human Preclinical and Early Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Support Early Retinal Neuronal and Müller Cells Alterations. J Diabetes Res. 2013;2013:1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/905058</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Carlo TE, Chin AT, Bonini FMA, et al. Detection of microvascular changes in eyes of patients with diabetes but not clinical diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2015;35(11):2364-2370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000000882</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Carlo TE, Chin AT, Bonini FMA, et al. Detection of microvascular changes in eyes of patients with diabetes but not clinical diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2015;35(11):2364-2370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000000882</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурнашева М.А., Куликов А.Н., Мальцев Д.С. Персонализированный анализ фовеальной аваскулярной зоны с помощью оптической когерентной томографии-ангиографии // Офтальмологические ведомости. — 2017. — Т. 10. — №4. — С. 32-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.17816/OV10432-40</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Burnasheva MA, Kulikov AN, Maltsev DS. Personalized analysis of foveal avascular zone with optical coherence tomography angiography. Ophthalmology Journal. 2017;10(4):32-40 (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17816/OV10432-40</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarinci F, Picconi F, Giorno P, et al. Deep capillary plexus impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with no signs of diabetic retinopathy revealed using optical coherence tomography angiography. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96(2):264-265. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13510</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarinci F, Picconi F, Giorno P, et al. Deep capillary plexus impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with no signs of diabetic retinopathy revealed using optical coherence tomography angiography. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96(2):264-265. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13510</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang FY, Ng DS, Lam A, et al. Determinants of quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in patients with diabetes. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02767-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang FY, Ng DS, Lam A, et al. Determinants of quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in patients with diabetes. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02767-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
