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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM12463</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-12463</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка физического развития и метаболического статуса детей раннего возраста, рожденных у женщин с гестационным сахарным диабетом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the physical development and metabolic status of children born to women with gestational diabetes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-0471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дейнега (Масель)</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deynega (Masel)</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дейнега (Масель) Алиса Сергеевна </p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, Коломяжский пр., д. 21, корп 2. </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 8772-7809</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alisa S. Deynega (Masel)</p><p>11/2 Kolomyazhskiy prospect, 197341 Saint-Petersburg</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 8772-7809 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masel.alisa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-5553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лискина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liskina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лискина Анастасия Сергеевна </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5100-8480</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya S. Liskina</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 5100-8480 </p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastoz@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-9377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valieva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валиева Салимет Альбертовна </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3362-5058</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salimet A. Valieva</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3362-5058 </p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salimetalpysova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-0785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитина Ирина Леоровна, д.м.н. </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7707-4939 </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina L. Nikitina, MD, PhD</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7707-4939 </p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitina0901@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>325</fpage><lpage>333</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дейнега (Масель) А.С., Лискина А.С., Валиева С.А., Никитина И.Л., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дейнега (Масель) А.С., Лискина А.С., Валиева С.А., Никитина И.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Deynega (Masel) A.S., Liskina A.S., Valieva S.A., Nikitina I.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12463">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12463</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) является одним из самых частых нарушений углеводного обмена, встречающихся во время беременности. В связи с продолжающимся поиском оптимальных целевых значений гликемии во время беременности при ГСД актуальным является изучение влияния разного уровня гликемии на внутриутробное развитие плода и дальнейшие изменения показателей углеводного и липидного обмена у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Дать характеристику перинатального периода, физического развития и метаболического статуса детей, рожденных у женщин с ГСД и разным уровнем контроля углеводного обмена.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведена оценка течения перинатального периода и антропометрических показателей у 300 детей, рожденных у женщин с ГСД и разным уровнем гликемии во время беременности. На протяжении двух лет у 141 ребенка оценены показатели физического развития, параметры углеводного и липидного обмена. У 33 детей в возрасте от 1 до 4 лет выполнено мониторирование гликемии глюкометром натощак и постпрандиально на протяжении 14 дней.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При гликемии женщин натощак менее 5,1 ммоль/л и 7,0 ммоль/л через 1 ч после еды антропометрические параметры детей при рождении не отличались от параметров группы контроля (р&gt;0,05). Гликемия женщин выше данного уровня была ассоциирована с повышением частоты и риска возникновения показателя массы, отношения масса/длина тела и окружности головы «выше среднего» (p&lt;0,05). При динамическом контроле антропометрических параметров детей до 2 лет различий между группами сравнения получено не было (р&gt;0,05). Наиболее выраженные изменения метаболических параметров представлены неонатальной гипогликемией у новорожденных группы ГСД (группа ГСД — 23%, группа контроля — 3,5%; р=0,000002), наименьший риск которой встречался у детей с наиболее низкими значениями гликемии женщин натощак и постпрандиально. При измерении уровня глюкозы натощак, инсулина, индекса инсулинорезистентности (НОМА-IR), триглицеридов и холестерина у детей в возрасте 6, 12 и 24 мес, а также при мониторировании гликемии натощак и постпрандиально на протяжении 14 дней у детей в возрасте до 4 лет значимых различий между группами сравнения получено не было (р&gt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наименьшие риски возникновения неонатальной гипогликемии и антропометрических отклонений при рождении ассоциированы с наиболее низкими значениями гликемии, соответствующими критериям Российских клинических рекомендаций.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Backgraund</title><p>Backgraund: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders found during pregnancy. Currently, it is relevant not only to search optimal target levels of glycemia during pregnancy, but also to study the ­effect of different glycemia levels on fetal development and further changes in glucose and lipid metabolism in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims: To describe perinatal period, physical development and metabolic status of children born to women with GDM and different glucose levels during pregnancy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: The perinatal period features and anthropometric parameters at birth were evaluated in 300 children born to women with GDM and different levels of glycemia during pregnancy. Over the course two years, 141 children have been evaluated for physical development parameters and glucose and lipid metabolism. Fasting and postprandial glycemia was measured with glucometer for 14 days in 33 children aged 1 to 4 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The anthropometric parameters of children at birth did not differ from the parameters of the control group (p&gt; 0.05) when during pregnancy fasting blood glucose was less than 5.1 mmol / l and 7.0 mmol / l 1 hour after a meal. The glycemia in women above this level was associated with an increase of frequency and risk of a body mass index, body mass / length ratio and head circumference “above average” in children at birth (p &lt;0.05). With the dynamic control of anthropometric parameters up to 2 years, no differences between the comparison groups were obtained (p&gt; 0.05). The change in metabolic parameters was represented by neonatal hypoglycemia in children of GDM group (GDM group — 23%, control group — 3.5%, p = 0.000002), the least risk of which occurred in group with the lowest fasting and postprandial glycemic values during pregnancy. Fasting glucose, and insulin levels, НOMA index, triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as monitoring fasting and postprandial glycemia for 14 days, were obtained no significant differences between the comparison groups of children (p&gt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: The lowest risks of neonatal hypoglycemia and anthropometric deviations at birth were associated with the lowest glycemia levels during pregnancy, which correspond to the criteria of the Russian clinical guidelines.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>фетальное программирование</kwd><kwd>макросомия</kwd><kwd>гипергликемия</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>INTERGROWTH-21st</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gestational diabetes</kwd><kwd>fetal programming</kwd><kwd>hyperglycemia</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>macrosomia</kwd><kwd>INTERGROWTH-21st</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в структуре инициативной темы по плану научно-исследовательской работы НИЛ детской эндокринологии «НМИЦ им. 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