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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM12343</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-12343</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спонтанная и индуцированная секреция провоспалительных и противовоспалительных цитокинов у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа и синдромом диабетической стопы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spontaneous and induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-7654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ших</surname><given-names>Евгения Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikh</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chih@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9390-1200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петунина</surname><given-names>Нина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petunina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">napetunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6823-2487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недосугова</surname><given-names>Людмила Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedosugova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">profmila@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-0490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галстян</surname><given-names>Карине Оганесовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galstyan</surname><given-names>K. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>эндокринолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karin_777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-5901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колмычкова</surname><given-names>Кира Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolmychkova</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший лаборант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior assistant</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirruccha@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-9886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махова</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annabramova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-3323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Городецкая</surname><given-names>Галина Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorodetskaya</surname><given-names>Galin I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший аналитик, ассистент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior analyst, assistant</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ggorodetskaya@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский научно-исследовательский центр кардиологии и медицинской генетики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Cardiology and Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства&#13;
здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Scientific Center for Expertise of Medical Devices</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>210</fpage><lpage>222</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ших Е.В., Петунина Н.А., Недосугова Л.В., Галстян К.О., Колмычкова К.И., Махова А.А., Городецкая Г.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ших Е.В., Петунина Н.А., Недосугова Л.В., Галстян К.О., Колмычкова К.И., Махова А.А., Городецкая Г.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shikh E.V., Petunina N.A., Nedosugova L.V., Galstyan K.O., Kolmychkova K.I., Makhova A.A., Gorodetskaya G.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12343">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12343</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Распространенность сахарного диабета (СД) и его хронических осложнений возрастает до масштабов эпидемии. СД связывают с хроническим воспалительным состоянием, которое приводит к дисбалансу и нарушению регуляции иммунной функции кожи. У 25% пациентов с СД возникает дистальная симметричная полиневропатия (ДСПН), осложняющаяся у ряда пациентов развитием синдрома диабетической стопы (СДС).</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Исследовать спонтанную и индуцированную секрецию провоспалительного цитокина фактора некроза опухоли-α (TNF-α) и противовоспалительного хемокина C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 18 (CCL18) моноцитами, выделенными из крови пациентов с ДСПН как с СДС, так и без него, а также изучить влияние курсового применения комбинированного метаболического препарата Кокарнит в составе комплексной терапии на динамику выраженности симптомов ДСПН и цитокиновый фенотип у пациентов с длительно незаживающими язвами нижних конечностей.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследование включен 121 пациент с СД 2 типа (СД2) с различной длительностью заболевания. В 1-ю группу вошли 28 пациентов с впервые выявленным СД2, во 2-ю – 51 пациент с СД2 с ДСПН без СДС, в 3-ю – 42 пациента с СДС. У пациентов с ДСПН выраженность симптомов по шкале ТSS (Total Symptom Score) составила 9,32 балла. Пациенты случайным образом были разделены на 2 группы: 57 человек составили основную группу и получали сахароснижающую комплексную терапию, к которой был добавлен Кокарнит, пациенты контрольной группы – только сахароснижающую терапию. До начала приема Кокарнита у всех обследованных определяли про- и противовоспалительную активацию моноцитов. Моноциты CD14+ выделяли из крови пациентов и стимулировали интерфероном-γ (IFN-γ) и интерлейкином-4 (IL-4) для индукции активации про- и противовоспалительных моноцитов соответственно. Концентрации TNF-α и CCL18 в  культуральной среде измеряли с помощью ELISA на 1-й и 6-й день после клеточной стимуляции. После 9-дневного курса применения Кокарнита оценивали динамику показателей по шкале TSS. Оценку цитокинового статуса проводили у 18 человек с длительно незаживающими язвенными дефектами нижних конечностей в 1-й и 9-й день лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Выявлена корреляция между гликогемоглобином HbA1c и уровнями стимулированной секреции TNFα (r=0,726; p=0,027), CCL18 (r=-0,949; p=0,051) у пациентов с ДСПН. У всех пациентов с разной продолжительностью СДС наблюдалось увеличение секреции TNF-α и CCL18 (р&lt;0,05). Однако стимуляции противовоспалительной активации не отмечалось у пациентов с язвенными дефектами продолжительностью более 6 мес (р=0,033). Применение Кокарнита у этих пациентов приводило к снижению стимулированной секреции TNFα и повышению CCL18. На протяжении всего периода наблюдения за пациентами на фоне проводимой терапии балльная оценка симптомов полинейропатии по шкале TSS у пациентов контрольной группы статистически значимо превышала таковую у пациентов основной группы.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. На фоне терапии у пациентов основной группы установлена статистически значимо выраженная динамика показателей по шкале TSS. Выявлена цитокинмодулирующая способность Кокарнита переключать цитокиновый статус в разряд противовоспалительных.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>AIMS</title><p>AIMS: Investigation of spontaneous and induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory chemokine C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 18 (CCL18) by monocytes isolated from blood of patients with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both with or without foot ulcers and the effect of the course use of the combined metabolic drug Kokarnit as part of complex therapy on the dynamics of the severity of symptoms of DSPN and the cytokine phenotype in patients with long-term non-healing ulcers of the lower extremities</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: 121 patients with T2DM, 79 without diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) and 42 patients with DFS were included. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from patients’ blood and stimulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukine-4 (IL-4) for induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory monocyte activation, respectively. The concentrations of TNF-α and CCL18 in the culture medium were measured using ELISA on day 1 and day 6 after cell stimulation in all patients before taking the combined metabolic drug Kokarnit. Then they were randomly allocated either to the control group (57 people), to whom Kokarnit was added to standard treatment, or to the comparison group. After a 9-day course of application of Kokarnit, the dynamics of indicators was evaluated on a TSS scale. Assessment of cytokine status was carried out in 18 people with long-term non-healing ulcerative defects of the lower extremities, on the first and ninth day of treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: A correlation was found between HbA1c and levels of stimulated secretion of TNFα (r=0.726, p=0.027), CCL18 (r=-0.949, p=0.051) in patients with DSPN. In all patients with different duration of VDS, an increase in secretion of TNF-α and CCL18 was observed (p&lt;0.05). However, stimulation of anti-inflammatory activation was not observed in patients with ulcerative defects lasting more than 6 months (p=0.033). The use of cocarnit in these patients had a decrease in stimulated secretion of TNFα and an increase in CCL18. Throughout the entire observation period with the therapy, the score for the symptoms of polyneuropathy on the TSS scale in patients of the control group was statistically significantly higher.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: Against the background of therapy in patients of the main group, a statistically significant dynamics of indicators on the TSS scale was established. The cytokine modulating ability of Kokarnit to switch the cytokine status into the category of anti-inflammatory.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>синдром диабетической стопы</kwd><kwd>провоспалительная поляризация моноцитов</kwd><kwd>противовоспалительная поляризация моноцитов</kwd><kwd>Кокарнит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>diabetic foot syndrome (DFS)</kwd><kwd>pro-inflammatory monocyte polarization</kwd><kwd>anti-inflammatory monocyte polarization</kwd><kwd>Kokarnite</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Спонсор - ООО "Трокас Фарма"</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th edition. 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