diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM12308diaendo-12308Research ArticleОбзорыReviewПрогностические иммунологические маркеры риска развития сахарного диабета 1 типаImmunological predictors of type 1 diabetes mellitus (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-4636КорневаК. Г.KornevaK. G.

Корнева Ксения Георгиевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент.

603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1

Ksenia G. Korneva, MD, PhD, associate professor.

10/1, Minin and Pozharskiy sq., 603005, Nizhny Novgorod

ksenkor@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-2729СтронгинЛ. Г.StronginL. G.

Стронгин Леонид Григорьевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор.

Нижний Новгород

Leonid G. Strongin, MD, PhD, Professor.

Nizhny Novgorod

malstrong@mail.ruЗагайновВ. Е.ZagainovV. E.

Загайнов Владимир Евгеньевич, доктор медицинских наук, доцент.

Нижний Новгород

Vladimir V. Zagainov, MD, PhD, associate professor.

Nizhny Novgorod

zagainov@gmail.comПриволжский исследовательский медицинский университетРоссияPrivolzhsky Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation202114072021242167174Copyright © Корнева К.Г., Стронгин Л.Г., Загайнов В.Е., 20212021Корнева К.Г., Стронгин Л.Г., Загайнов В.Е.Korneva K.G., Strongin L.G., Zagainov V.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12308Обоснование

Обоснование. Сахарный диабет 1 типа (СД1) является хроническим аутоиммунным заболеванием, характеризующимся дефицитом инсулина вследствие деструкции β-клеток и гипергликемией. Специфическими маркерами СД1 являются аутоантитела к островковым клеткам поджелудочной железы, которые обнаруживаются за месяцы или годы до появления симптомов заболевания и могут быть использованы для выявления лиц, подверженных риску развития СД1.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Провести анализ современных литературных данных, касающихся изучения аутоантител к островковым клеткам поджелудочной железы и их использования в качестве маркеров предсказания риска развития СД1.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. В обзор включены клинические зарубежные и отечественные исследования по данной теме. Поиск источников литературы проводился в системах PubMed, Medline, eLibrary.

Результаты

Результаты. Изложены современные представления об известных диабет-специфических аутоантителах как маркерах аутоиммунного воспаления β-клеток поджелудочной железы. Проведен анализ их самостоятельной диагностической ценности в прогнозировании риска возникновения СД1.

Заключение

Заключение. В литературе отсутствует единое представление по данному вопросу. Современные данные об аутоантителах при СД1 свидетельствуют о значительной индивидуальной вариабельности сроков появления, динамических изменений и состава аутоантител в прогрессировании СД1.

Background

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency due β-cell destruction and following hyperglycaemia. Specific markers of T1DM are pancreatic islet-targeting autoantibodies that are found months to years before symptom onset, and can be used to identify individuals who are at risk of developing T1DM.

Aim

Aim: The study is aimed at the review of current knowledge of diabetes-related autoantibodies as biomarkers of T1DM.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods: Foreign and national clinical studies on this topic were included. PubMed, Medline and ­eLibrary were searched.

Results

Results: Modern ideas about known diabetes-specific autoantibodies as markers of autoimmune inflammation of β-cells of the pancreas were discussed. The analysis of their independent diagnostic value in predicting the occurrence of T1DM were carried out.

Conclusion

Conclusion: There is no unified concept in the literature on this issue. Current data on autoantibodies in T1DM show a ­significant individual variability in the timing, dynamic changes and autoantibody composition in T1DM progression.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.