<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM221S1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-12211</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические рекомендации</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical Guidelines</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом» Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова 9-й выпуск</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Mayorov A.Yu. 9th edition</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8175-7886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедов</surname><given-names>Иван Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedov</surname><given-names>Ivan I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dedov@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-9972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nephro@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-3287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майоров</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayorov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">education@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-8882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Викулова</surname><given-names>Ольга Константиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vikulova</surname><given-names>Olga K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gos.registr@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-4521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галстян</surname><given-names>Гагик Радикович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galstyan</surname><given-names>Gagik R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galstyangagik964@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-3920</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кураева</surname><given-names>Тамара Леонидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuraeva</surname><given-names>Tamara L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diabetkuraeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-4627</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петеркова</surname><given-names>Валентина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peterkova</surname><given-names>Valentina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Peterkova-va@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-8988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Ольга Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>Olga M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела кардиологии и сосудистой хиургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, ScD, professor, leading research associate of Department of the Department of cardiology, endovascular and vascular surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_smr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-2812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старостина</surname><given-names>Елена Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starostina</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena.starostina59@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-7638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суркова</surname><given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenasurkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухарева</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhareva</surname><given-names>Olga Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отделения диабетической болезни почек и посттрансплантационной реабилитации Института диабета, доцент кафедры диабетологии и диетологии Института высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Diabetic Kidney Disease and Post-transplant Rehabilitation, Assistant Professor of the Chair of Diabetology and Dietology, Endocrinology Research</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgasukhareva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2474-9924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токмакова</surname><given-names>Алла Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokmakova</surname><given-names>Alla Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alla-tokmakova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-0142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамхалова</surname><given-names>Минара Шамхаловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamkhalova</surname><given-names>Minara S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shamkhalova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярек-Мартынова</surname><given-names>Ивона Рената</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jarek-Martynova</surname><given-names>Ivona Renata</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отделения диабетичес кой болезни почек и посттрансплантационной реабилитации</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Diabetic Kidney Disease and Post-transplant Rehabilitation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iwonamj@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-4765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н.с. отделения диабетической стопы</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">profilaktika@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бешлиева</surname><given-names>Диана Джемаловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beshlieva</surname><given-names>Diana D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач отдела кардиологии и сосудистой хирургии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Physician of the Department of Cardiology and Vascular Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beshlieva-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6542-6155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-foot@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6470-6318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волеводз</surname><given-names>Наталья Никитична</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volevodz</surname><given-names>Natalya N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nnvolevodz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4979-7420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорян</surname><given-names>Ольга Рафаэльевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryan</surname><given-names>Olga R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iceberg1995@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-1345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гомова</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gomova</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач отдела кардиологии и сосудистой хирургии Института диабета </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Science, Physician of the Department of Cardiology and Vascular Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivist08@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-8995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джемилова</surname><given-names>Зера Нусредовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhemilova</surname><given-names>Zera N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zera1987@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есаян</surname><given-names>Роза Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esayan</surname><given-names>Roza M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. терапевтическим отделением</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Therapeutic Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rozaes@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3535-520X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимова</surname><given-names>Людмила Ибрагимовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimova</surname><given-names>Liudmila I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ibragimovaliudmila@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-0754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашников</surname><given-names>Виктор Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikov</surname><given-names>Viktor Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victor9368@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-1526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононенко</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononenko</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., в.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, leading research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shakhtarina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4316-8546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Никитич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laptev</surname><given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий детским отделением сахарного диабета Института детской эндокринологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Department of Pediatric Diabetes</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laptevdn@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-3392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липатов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Валентинович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipatov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Glas1966@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мотовилин</surname><given-names>Олег Геннадьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Motovilin</surname><given-names>Oleg G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.психол.н., доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Psychological Sciences, associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">motovil@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5656-2596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatiana_nikonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-4289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Роживанов</surname><given-names>Роман Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhivanov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отделения Андрологии и урологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ScD, head research associate department of Andrology and urology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rrozhivanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-6851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник консультативно-диагностического отделения</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katiashestakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre &#13;
  </institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology research centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1S1</issue><issue-title>АЛГОРИТМЫ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ БОЛЬНЫМ САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ</issue-title><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., Викулова О.К., Галстян Г.Р., Кураева Т.Л., Петеркова В.А., Смирнова О.М., Старостина Е.Г., Суркова Е.В., Сухарева О.Ю., Токмакова А.Ю., Шамхалова М.Ш., Ярек-Мартынова И.Р., Артемова Е.В., Бешлиева Д.Д., Бондаренко О.Н., Волеводз Н.Н., Григорян О.Р., Гомова И.С., Джемилова З.Н., Есаян Р.М., Ибрагимова Л.И., Калашников В.Ю., Кононенко И.В., Лаптев Д.Н., Липатов Д.В., Мотовилин О.Г., Никонова Т.В., Роживанов Р.В., Шестакова Е.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., Викулова О.К., Галстян Г.Р., Кураева Т.Л., Петеркова В.А., Смирнова О.М., Старостина Е.Г., Суркова Е.В., Сухарева О.Ю., Токмакова А.Ю., Шамхалова М.Ш., Ярек-Мартынова И.Р., Артемова Е.В., Бешлиева Д.Д., Бондаренко О.Н., Волеводз Н.Н., Григорян О.Р., Гомова И.С., Джемилова З.Н., Есаян Р.М., Ибрагимова Л.И., Калашников В.Ю., Кононенко И.В., Лаптев Д.Н., Липатов Д.В., Мотовилин О.Г., Никонова Т.В., Роживанов Р.В., Шестакова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Mayorov A.Y., Vikulova O.K., Galstyan G.R., Kuraeva T.L., Peterkova V.A., Smirnova O.M., Starostina E.G., Surkova E.V., Sukhareva O.Y., Tokmakova A.Y., Shamkhalova M.S., Jarek-Martynova I.R., Artemova E.V., Beshlieva D.D., Bondarenko O.N., Volevodz N.N., Grigoryan O.R., Gomova I.S., Dzhemilova Z.N., Esayan R.M., Ibragimova L.I., Kalashnikov V.Y., Kononenko I.V., Laptev D.N., Lipatov D.V., Motovilin O.G., Nikonova T.V., Rozhivanov R.V., Shestakova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12211">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12211</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Уважаемые коллеги!</title><p>Уважаемые коллеги!</p><p>Вашему вниманию представлен Девятый актуализированный выпуск (дополненный) клинических рекомендаций «Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом». Целью данного руководства является стандартизация и оптимизация оказания медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом (СД) во всех регионах России на основе доказательной медицины.</p><p>Данное руководство регулярно обновляется в соответствии с новыми данными и рекомендациями по лечению больных СД, базирующимися на международном и отечественном опыте оказания помощи этим пациентам, включая рекомендации ВОЗ (2011, 2013), Международной диабетической федерации (IDF 2011, 2012, 2013), Американской диабетической ассоциации (АDA, 2018, 2019), Американской ассоциации клинических эндокринологов (AACE, 2019), Международного общества по детскому и подростковому диабету (ISPAD, 2014, 2018), Российской ассоциации эндокринологов (РАЭ, 2011, 2012, 2015), а также результатах завершенных международных (ADVANCE, ACCORD, VADT, UKPDS, SAVOR, TECOS, LEADER, EXAMINE, ELIXA, SUSTAIN, DEVOTE, EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, DECLARE, CARMELINA, REWIND, CREDENCE и др.) и отечественных рандомизированных клинических испытаний у больных СД, в которых участвовали многие российские клиники.</p><p>По последним данным, численность больных СД в мире за последние 10 лет увеличилась более, чем в 2 раза, и к концу 2019 года превысила 463 млн человек. Согласно прогнозам Международной диабетической федерации к 2030 году СД будет страдать 578 млн человек, а к 2045 – 700 млн.</p><p>В Российской Федерации, как и во всех странах мира, отмечается значимый рост распространенности СД. По данным федерального регистра СД в РФ на окончание 2018 г. состояло на диспансерном учете 4 584 575 человек (3,1% населения), из них: 92% (4 238 503) – СД 2 типа, 6% (256 202) - СД 1 типа и 2% (89 870) – другие типы СД, в том числе 8006 женщин с гестационным СД. Однако эти данные недооценивают реальное количество пациентов, поскольку учитывают только выявленные и зарегистрированные случаи заболевания. Так, результаты масштабного российского эпидемиологического исследования (NATION) подтверждают, что диагностируется лишь 54% случаев СД 2 типа. Таким образом, реальная численность пациентов с СД в РФ не менее 9 млн. человек (около 6% населения), что представляет чрезвычайную угрозу для долгосрочной перспективы, поскольку значительная часть пациентов остается не диагностированными, а, следовательно, не получают лечения и имеют высокий риск развития сосудистых осложнений.</p><p>Самыми опасными последствиями глобальной эпидемии СД являются его системные сосудистые осложнения – нефропатия, ретинопатия, поражение магистральных сосудов сердца, головного мозга, артерий нижних конечностей. Именно эти осложнения являются основной причиной инвалидизации и смертности больных СД.</p><p>В данном выпуске «Алгоритмов»:</p><p>Проект данного руководства обсуждался на общероссийских конференциях и получил одобрение абсолютного большинства специалистов.</p><p>Рекомендации предназначены для эндокринологов, терапевтов, врачей общей практики, педиатров и специалистов смежных специальностей, интернов, ординаторов и аспирантов соответствующих направлений, а также всех специалистов, принимающих участие в лечении больных СД.</p></sec><sec><title>От имени рабочей группы</title><p>От имени рабочей группы</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Dear Colleagues!</title><p>Dear Colleagues!</p><p>We are glad to present the 9th Edition (revised) of Standards of Diabetes Care. These evidence-based guidelines were designed to standardize and facilitate diabetes care in all regions of the Russian Federation.</p><p>The Standards are updated on the regular basis to incorporate new data and relevant recommendations from national and international clinical societies, including World Health Organization Guidelines (WHO, 2011, 2013), International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2011, 2012, 2013), American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2018, 2019), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE, 2019), International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD, 2014, 2018) and Russian Association of Endocrinologists (RAE, 2011, 2012, 2015). Current edition of the “Standards” also integrates results of completed randomized clinical trials (ADVANCE, ACCORD, VADT, UKPDS, SAVOR, TECOS, LEADER, EXAMINE, ELIXA, SUSTAIN, DEVOTE, EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, DECLARE, CARMELINA, REWIND, etc.), as well as findings from the national studies of diabetes mellitus (DM), conducted in close partnership with a number of Russian hospitals.</p><p>Latest data indicates that prevalence of DM in the world increased during the last decade more than two-fold, reaching some 463 million patients by the end of 2019. According to the current estimation by the International Diabetes Federation, 578 million patients will be suffering from diabetes mellitus by by 2030 and 700 million by 2045.</p><p>Like many other countries, Russian Federation experiences a sharp rise in the prevalence of DM. According to Russian Federal Diabetes Register, there are at least 4 584 575 patients with DM in this country by the end of 2018 (3,1% of population) with 92% (4 238 503) – Type 2 DM, 6% (256 202) – Type 1 DM and 2% (89 870) – other types of DM, including 8 006 women with gestational DM. However, these results underestimates real quantity of patients, because they consider only registered cases. Results of Russian epidemiological study (NATION) con- firmed that only 54% of Type 2 DM are diagnosed. So real number of patients with DM in Russia is 9 million patients (about 6% of population). This is a great long-term problem, because a lot of patients are not diagnosed, so they don’t receive any treatment ant have high risk of vascular complications.</p><p>Severe consequences of the global pandemics of DM include its vascular complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, coronary, cerebral, coronary and peripheral vascular disease. These conditions are responsible for the majority of cases of diabetes-related disability and death.</p><p>In сurrent edition of the “Standards”:</p><p>This text represents a consensus by the absolute majority of national experts, achieved through a number of fruitful discus- sions held at national meetings and forums.</p><p>These guidelines are intended for endocrinologists, primary care physicians and other medical professionals involved in the treatment of DM.</p><p>On behalf of the Working Group</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>guidelines</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>algoritms</kwd><kwd>standards</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галстян Г.Р., Токмакова А.Ю., Егорова Д.Н., и др. В. клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению синдрома диабетической стопы. // Раны и раневые инфекции. Журнал имени проф. Б.М. Костючёнка. – 2015. – Т. 2. – № 3. – С. 63-83. [Galstyan GR, Tokmakova AY, Egorova DN, et al. Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. Wounds and wound infections. The prof. B.M. Kostyuchenok journal. 2015;2(3):63-83.] doi: 10.17650/2408-9613-2015-2-3-63-83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Галстян Г.Р., Токмакова А.Ю., Егорова Д.Н., и др. В. клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению синдрома диабетической стопы. // Раны и раневые инфекции. Журнал имени проф. Б.М. Костючёнка. – 2015. – Т. 2. – № 3. – С. 63-83. [Galstyan GR, Tokmakova AY, Egorova DN, et al. Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. Wounds and wound infections. The prof. B.M. Kostyuchenok journal. 2015;2(3):63-83.] doi: 10.17650/2408-9613-2015-2-3-63-83</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Краснопольский В.И., Сухих Г.Т., от имени рабочей группы. Российский национальный консенсус «Гестационный сахарный диабет: диагностика, лечение, послеродовое наблюдение». // Cахарный диабет. – 2012. – Т. 15. – № 4. – С. 4–10. [Dedov I, Krasnopol’skiy V, Sukhikh G. Russian National Consensus Statement on gestational diabetes: diagnostics, treatment and postnatal care. Diabetes mellitus. – 2012. – Т.15. – №4. – С.4-10.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5531.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Краснопольский В.И., Сухих Г.Т., от имени рабочей группы. Российский национальный консенсус «Гестационный сахарный диабет: диагностика, лечение, послеродовое наблюдение». // Cахарный диабет. – 2012. – Т. 15. – № 4. – С. 4–10. [Dedov I, Krasnopol’skiy V, Sukhikh G. Russian National Consensus Statement on gestational diabetes: diagnostics, treatment and postnatal care. Diabetes mellitus. – 2012. – Т.15. – №4. – С.4-10.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5531.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А., Шестакова М.В., и др. Национальные клинические рекомендации по лечению морбидного ожирения у взрослых. 3-ий пересмотр (лечение морбидного ожирения у взрослых). // Ожирение и метаболизм. — 2018. — Т.15. — № 1 — С.53-70. [Dedov II, Mel’nichenko GA, Shestakova MV, et al. Russian national clinical recommendations for morbid obesity treatment in adults. 3rd revision (Morbid obesity treatment in adults). Obesity and metabolism. 2018;15(1):53-70.] doi: 10.14341/OMET2018153-70</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А., Шестакова М.В., и др. Национальные клинические рекомендации по лечению морбидного ожирения у взрослых. 3-ий пересмотр (лечение морбидного ожирения у взрослых). // Ожирение и метаболизм. — 2018. — Т.15. — № 1 — С.53-70. [Dedov II, Mel’nichenko GA, Shestakova MV, et al. Russian national clinical recommendations for morbid obesity treatment in adults. 3rd revision (Morbid obesity treatment in adults). Obesity and metabolism. 2018;15(1):53-70.] doi: 10.14341/OMET2018153-70</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Петеркова В.А., Кураева Т.Л. Российский консенсус по терапии сахарного диабета у детей и подростков. // Cахарный диабет. – 2010. – Т.13. – №5. – С. 1-8. [Dedov I, Peterkova V, Kuraeva T. Rossiyskiy konsensus po terapii sakharnogo diabeta u detey i podrostkov. Diabetes mellitus. 2010;13(5):1-8.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-6048.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Петеркова В.А., Кураева Т.Л. Российский консенсус по терапии сахарного диабета у детей и подростков. // Cахарный диабет. – 2010. – Т.13. – №5. – С. 1-8. [Dedov I, Peterkova V, Kuraeva T. Rossiyskiy konsensus po terapii sakharnogo diabeta u detey i podrostkov. Diabetes mellitus. 2010;13(5):1-8.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-6048.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Александров А.А., и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом (5-й выпуск). Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. // Cахарный диабет. – 2011. – Т.14. – № 3 (приложение) – С. 2-72. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Aleksandrov AA, et al. Algorithms of Specialized Medical Care for Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV (5th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2011;14(3s):2-72.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5612.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Александров А.А., и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом (5-й выпуск). Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. // Cахарный диабет. – 2011. – Т.14. – № 3 (приложение) – С. 2-72. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Aleksandrov AA, et al. Algorithms of Specialized Medical Care for Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV (5th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2011;14(3s):2-72.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5612.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Аметов А.С., и др. Инициация и интенсификация сахароснижающей терапии у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа: обновление консенсуса совета экспертов Российской ассоциации эндокринологов (2015 г.). // Сахарный диабет. – 2015. – Т. 18. – №1. – С.4-22. [Dedov I, Shestakova M, Ametov A, et al. Initiation and intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Update of Russian Association of Endocrinologists expert consensus document (2015). Diabetes mellitus. 2015;18(1):4-22.] doi: 10.14341/DM201515-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Аметов А.С., и др. Инициация и интенсификация сахароснижающей терапии у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа: обновление консенсуса совета экспертов Российской ассоциации эндокринологов (2015 г.). // Сахарный диабет. – 2015. – Т. 18. – №1. – С.4-22. [Dedov I, Shestakova M, Ametov A, et al. Initiation and intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Update of Russian Association of Endocrinologists expert consensus document (2015). Diabetes mellitus. 2015;18(1):4-22.] doi: 10.14341/DM201515-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Александров А.А., и др. Клинические рекомендации «Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом» (6-й выпуск). Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. // Cахарный диабет. – 2013. – Т.16. – №1S – C. 1-121. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Aleksandrov AA, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV. (6th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2013;16(1S):1-121.] doi: 10.14341/DM20131S1-121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Александров А.А., и др. Клинические рекомендации «Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом» (6-й выпуск). Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. // Cахарный диабет. – 2013. – Т.16. – №1S – C. 1-121. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Aleksandrov AA, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV. (6th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2013;16(1S):1-121.] doi: 10.14341/DM20131S1-121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Аметов А.С., и др. Консенсус совета экспертов Российской ассоциации эндокринологов по инициации и интенсификации сахароснижающей терапии у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа. // Cахарный диабет. – 2011. – Т. 14. – №4. – С.6-17. [Dedov I, Shestakova M, Ametov A, et al. Russian Association of Endocrinologists expert consensus document on initiation and in- tensification of antyhiperglycaemic therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus. 2011;14(4):6-17.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5810.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Аметов А.С., и др. Консенсус совета экспертов Российской ассоциации эндокринологов по инициации и интенсификации сахароснижающей терапии у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа. // Cахарный диабет. – 2011. – Т. 14. – №4. – С.6-17. [Dedov I, Shestakova M, Ametov A, et al. Russian Association of Endocrinologists expert consensus document on initiation and in- tensification of antyhiperglycaemic therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus. 2011;14(4):6-17.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5810.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К., и др. Клинические рекомендации «Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом» (7-й выпуск). Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. // Cахарный диабет. – 2015. –№1S – C. 1-112. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV (7th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2015;18(1S):1-112.] doi: 10.14341/DM20151S1-112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К., и др. Клинические рекомендации «Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом» (7-й выпуск). Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. // Cахарный диабет. – 2015. –№1S – C. 1-112. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV (7th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2015;18(1S):1-112.] doi: 10.14341/DM20151S1-112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., и др. Оптимизация и интенсификация инсулинотерапии при СД 2 типа (клинические рекомендации). // Cахарный диабет. – 2010. – Т.13. – №5. – С.9-16. [Dedov I, Shestakova M, et al. Optimizatsiya i intensifikatsiya insulinoterapii pri sakharnom diabete 2 tipa (klinicheskie rekomendatsii). Diabetes mellitus. 2010;13(5):9-16.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-6049.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., и др. Оптимизация и интенсификация инсулинотерапии при СД 2 типа (клинические рекомендации). // Cахарный диабет. – 2010. – Т.13. – №5. – С.9-16. [Dedov I, Shestakova M, et al. Optimizatsiya i intensifikatsiya insulinoterapii pri sakharnom diabete 2 tipa (klinicheskie rekomendatsii). Diabetes mellitus. 2010;13(5):9-16.] doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-6049.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., и др. Клинические рекомендации «Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом» (8-й выпуск). Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова. // Cахарный диабет. – 2017. –№1S – C. 1-112. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY (8th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2017;20(1S):1-112.] doi: 10.14341/DM20171S8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., и др. Клинические рекомендации «Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом» (8-й выпуск). Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова. // Cахарный диабет. – 2017. –№1S – C. 1-112. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY (8th edition). Diabetes mellitus. 2017;20(1S):1-112.] doi: 10.14341/DM20171S8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации. Кардиология. / под ред. Беленкова Ю.Н., Оганова Р.Г. – М: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2007. – 640 с. [Belenkov YN, Oganov RG, eds. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Kardiologiya. Moscow: GEOTAR- Media; 2007. 640p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Клинические рекомендации. Кардиология. / под ред. Беленкова Ю.Н., Оганова Р.Г. – М: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2007. – 640 с. [Belenkov YN, Oganov RG, eds. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Kardiologiya. Moscow: GEOTAR- Media; 2007. 640p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Майоров А.Ю., Мельникова О.Г., Котешкова О.М., Мисникова И.В., Черникова Н.А. Техника инъекций и инфузии при лечении сахарного диабета. Методическое руководство. ООО «АРТИНФО», Москва, 2018 – 64 с. [Mayorov AY, Melnikova OG, Koteshkova OM, Misnikoba IV, Chernikova NA. Tekhnika in’ektsiy I infuzii pri lechenii sakharnogo diabeta. Metodicheskoe rukovodstvo. OOO “ARTINFO”, Moscow, 2018 -64 p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Майоров А.Ю., Мельникова О.Г., Котешкова О.М., Мисникова И.В., Черникова Н.А. Техника инъекций и инфузии при лечении сахарного диабета. Методическое руководство. ООО «АРТИНФО», Москва, 2018 – 64 с. [Mayorov AY, Melnikova OG, Koteshkova OM, Misnikoba IV, Chernikova NA. Tekhnika in’ektsiy I infuzii pri lechenii sakharnogo diabeta. Metodicheskoe rukovodstvo. OOO “ARTINFO”, Moscow, 2018 -64 p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осложнения сахарного диабета: лечение и профилактика / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2017. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Complications of diabetes mellitus: treatment and prevention. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2017].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Осложнения сахарного диабета: лечение и профилактика / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2017. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Complications of diabetes mellitus: treatment and prevention. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2017].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потемкин В.В., Старостина Е.Г. Руководство по неотложной эндокринологии. – М: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2008. 393 с. [Potemkin VV, Starostina EG. Rukovodstvo po neotlozhnoy endokrinologii. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2008. 393p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Потемкин В.В., Старостина Е.Г. Руководство по неотложной эндокринологии. – М: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2008. 393 с. [Potemkin VV, Starostina EG. Rukovodstvo po neotlozhnoy endokrinologii. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2008. 393p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рекомендации по лечению острого коронарного синдрома без стойкого подъема сегмента ST на ЭКГ. Российские рекомендации. – М: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2008. [Rekomendatsii po lecheniyu ostrogo koronarnogo sindroma bez stoykogo pod’ema segmenta ST na EKG. Russian guidelines. Moscow; 2008. www.cadriosite.ru].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рекомендации по лечению острого коронарного синдрома без стойкого подъема сегмента ST на ЭКГ. Российские рекомендации. – М: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2008. [Rekomendatsii po lecheniyu ostrogo koronarnogo sindroma bez stoykogo pod’ema segmenta ST na EKG. Russian guidelines. Moscow; 2008. www.cadriosite.ru].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cахарный диабет типа 1: реалии и перспективы / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2016. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Diabetes mellitus Type 1: reality and perspectives. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2016].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cахарный диабет типа 1: реалии и перспективы / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2016. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Diabetes mellitus Type 1: reality and perspectives. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2016].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cахарный диабет типа 2: от теории к практике / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2016. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Diabetes mellitus Type 2: from theory to practice. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2016].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cахарный диабет типа 2: от теории к практике / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2016. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Diabetes mellitus Type 2: from theory to practice. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2016].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cахарный диабет: многообразие клинических форм / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2016. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Diabetes mellitus: heterogenity of clinical forms. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2016].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cахарный диабет: многообразие клинических форм / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2016. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Diabetes mellitus: heterogenity of clinical forms. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2016].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет и репродуктивная система / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2016. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Diabetes mellitus and reproductive system. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2016].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сахарный диабет и репродуктивная система / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство», 2016. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, eds. Diabetes mellitus and reproductive system. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2016].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М.В., Дедов И.И. Сахарный диабет и хроническая болезнь почек. – М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2009. 500 с. [Shestakova MV, Dedov II. Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2009. 500p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шестакова М.В., Дедов И.И. Сахарный диабет и хроническая болезнь почек. – М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2009. 500 с. [Shestakova MV, Dedov II. Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2009. 500p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(9):763-816. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(9):763-816. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2019. Diabetes Care 2019; 42; Suppl 1:S1-193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2019. Diabetes Care 2019; 42; Suppl 1:S1-193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bassand JP, Hamm CW, Ardissino D, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(13):1598-1660. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bassand JP, Hamm CW, Ardissino D, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(13):1598-1660. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Busetto L et al. Practical Recommendations of the Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity for the Post-Bariatric Surgery Medical Management. Obes Facts 2017;10:597–632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Busetto L et al. Practical Recommendations of the Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity for the Post-Bariatric Surgery Medical Management. Obes Facts 2017;10:597–632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm – 2018 Executive Summary. Endocrine Practice. 2018; 24 (1):91-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm – 2018 Executive Summary. Endocrine Practice. 2018; 24 (1):91-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, Bailey CJ, Ceriello A, Delgado V, Federici M, Filippatos G, Grobbee DE, Hansen TB, Huikuri HV, Johansson I, Juni P, Lettino M, Marx N, Mellbin LG, Ostgren CJ, Rocca B, Roffi M, Sattar N, Seferovic PM, Sousa-Uva M, Valensi P, Wheeler DC. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2019:ehz486. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, Bailey CJ, Ceriello A, Delgado V, Federici M, Filippatos G, Grobbee DE, Hansen TB, Huikuri HV, Johansson I, Juni P, Lettino M, Marx N, Mellbin LG, Ostgren CJ, Rocca B, Roffi M, Sattar N, Seferovic PM, Sousa-Uva M, Valensi P, Wheeler DC. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2019:ehz486. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cummings DE, Rubino F. Metabolic surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Diabetologia 2018; 61:257–264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cummings DE, Rubino F. Metabolic surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Diabetologia 2018; 61:257–264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, et al. International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care 2017;40 (12): 1631–1640</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danne T, Nimri R, Battelino T, et al. International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care 2017;40 (12): 1631–1640</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies MJ, D’Alessio DA, Fradkin J, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2018;41:2669–2701/doi:10.2337/dci18-0033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies MJ, D’Alessio DA, Fradkin J, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2018;41:2669–2701/doi:10.2337/dci18-0033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia. Report of WHO/IDF Consultation. 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia. Report of WHO/IDF Consultation. 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Report of a WHO consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2). Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Report of a WHO consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2). Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy. WHO Guideline. 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy. WHO Guideline. 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, et al. Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm – 2017 Executive Summary. Endocr Pract. 2017;23(2):207-238. doi: 10.4158/EP161682.CS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, et al. Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm – 2017 Executive Summary. Endocr Pract. 2017;23(2):207-238. doi: 10.4158/EP161682.CS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gough SC. A review of human and analogue insulin trials. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2007;77(1):1-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gough SC. A review of human and analogue insulin trials. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2007;77(1):1-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas 9th Edition. 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas 9th Edition. 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation. Global Guideline for Type 2 diabetes. 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Diabetes Federation. Global Guideline for Type 2 diabetes. 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation. Guideline for management of postmeal glucose. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Diabetes Federation. Guideline for management of postmeal glucose. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation. Managing older people with Type 2 Diabetes. Global Guideline. 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Diabetes Federation. Managing older people with Type 2 Diabetes. Global Guideline. 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient- centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(1):140-149. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient- centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(1):140-149. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(6):1364-1379. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(6):1364-1379. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatric Diabetes. – 2018. – Vol. 19. – P. 1-338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatric Diabetes. – 2018. – Vol. 19. – P. 1-338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaul S. Mitigating Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes With Antidiabetes Drugs: A Review of Principal Cardiovascular Outcome Results of EMPA-REG OUTCOME, LEADER, and SUSTAIN-6 Trials. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(7):821-831. doi: 10.2337/dc17-0291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaul S. Mitigating Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes With Antidiabetes Drugs: A Review of Principal Cardiovascular Outcome Results of EMPA-REG OUTCOME, LEADER, and SUSTAIN-6 Trials. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(7):821-831. doi: 10.2337/dc17-0291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Intern. Suppl. 2013; 3(1):1-150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Intern. Suppl. 2013; 3(1):1-150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31(7):1281-1357. doi: 10.1097/01. hjh.0000431740.32696.cc.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31(7):1281-1357. doi: 10.1097/01. hjh.0000431740.32696.cc.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mann JFE, Ørsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, Marso SP, Poulter NR, Rasmussen S, Tornøe K, Zinman B, Buse JB; LEADER Steering Committee and Investigators. Liraglutide and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(9):839-848. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1616011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mann JFE, Ørsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, Marso SP, Poulter NR, Rasmussen S, Tornøe K, Zinman B, Buse JB; LEADER Steering Committee and Investigators. Liraglutide and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(9):839-848. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1616011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marso SP, McGuire DK, Zinman B, Poulter NR, Emerson SS, Pieber TR, Pratley RE, Haahr PM, Lange M, Frandsen KB, Rabøl R, Buse JB. Design of DEVOTE (Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events) - DEVOTE-1. Am Heart J. 2016;179:175-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.06.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marso SP, McGuire DK, Zinman B, Poulter NR, Emerson SS, Pieber TR, Pratley RE, Haahr PM, Lange M, Frandsen KB, Rabøl R, Buse JB. Design of DEVOTE (Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events) - DEVOTE-1. Am Heart J. 2016;179:175-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.06.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, Jódar E, Leiter LA, Lingvay I, Rosenstock J, Seufert J, Warren ML, Woo V, Hansen O, Holst AG, Pettersson J, Vilsbøll T; SUSTAIN-6 Investigators. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834-1844.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, Jódar E, Leiter LA, Lingvay I, Rosenstock J, Seufert J, Warren ML, Woo V, Hansen O, Holst AG, Pettersson J, Vilsbøll T; SUSTAIN-6 Investigators. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834-1844.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311-322. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1603827.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311-322. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1603827.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marx N, Rosenstock J, Kahn SE, Zinman B, Kastelein JJ, Lachin JM, Espeland MA, Bluhmki E, Mattheus M, Ryckaert B, Patel S, Johansen OE, Woerle HJ. Design and baseline characteristics of the CARdiovascular Outcome Trial of LINAgliptin Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes (CAROLINA®). Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2015;12(3):164-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marx N, Rosenstock J, Kahn SE, Zinman B, Kastelein JJ, Lachin JM, Espeland MA, Bluhmki E, Mattheus M, Ryckaert B, Patel S, Johansen OE, Woerle HJ. Design and baseline characteristics of the CARdiovascular Outcome Trial of LINAgliptin Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes (CAROLINA®). Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2015;12(3):164-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mills JL Sr, Conte MS, Armstrong DG, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System: risk stratification based on wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI). J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(1):220-34.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mills JL Sr, Conte MS, Armstrong DG, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System: risk stratification based on wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI). J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(1):220-34.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, de Zeeuw D, Fulcher G, Erondu N, Shaw W, Law G, Desai M, Matthews DR; CANVAS Program Collaborative Group. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 12. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1611925.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, de Zeeuw D, Fulcher G, Erondu N, Shaw W, Law G, Desai M, Matthews DR; CANVAS Program Collaborative Group. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 12. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1611925.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, et al. Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2247-2257. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1509225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, et al. Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2247-2257. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1509225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubino F, Nathan DM, Eckel RH et al. Metabolic surgery in the treatment algorithm for type 2 diabetes: a joint statement by international diabetes organizations. Diabetes Care 2016;39:861–877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubino F, Nathan DM, Eckel RH et al. Metabolic surgery in the treatment algorithm for type 2 diabetes: a joint statement by international diabetes organizations. Diabetes Care 2016;39:861–877.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryden L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, et al. ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the Task Force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(39):3035-3087. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryden L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, et al. ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the Task Force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(39):3035-3087. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schaper NC, Van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, et al. Prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: a Summary Guidance for Daily Practice 2015, based on the IWGDF Guidance Documents. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016;(Suppl 1):7-15. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2695.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schaper NC, Van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, et al. Prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: a Summary Guidance for Daily Practice 2015, based on the IWGDF Guidance Documents. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016;(Suppl 1):7-15. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2695.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO, et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA diabetes trials: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a scientific statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(1):187-192. doi: 10.2337/dc08-9026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO, et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA diabetes trials: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a scientific statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(1):187-192. doi: 10.2337/dc08-9026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Abbreviated Report of a WHO Consultation (WHO/NMH/CHP/CPM/11.1). World Health Organization; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Abbreviated Report of a WHO Consultation (WHO/NMH/CHP/CPM/11.1). World Health Organization; 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wanner C, Lachin JM, Inzucchi SE, Fitchett D, Mattheus M, George J, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC, von Eynatten M, Zinman B; EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Established Cardiovascular Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease. Circulation. 2018 Jan 9;137(2):119-129. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wanner C, Lachin JM, Inzucchi SE, Fitchett D, Mattheus M, George J, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC, von Eynatten M, Zinman B; EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Established Cardiovascular Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease. Circulation. 2018 Jan 9;137(2):119-129. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, Kato ET, Cahn A, Silverman MG, Zelniker TA, Kuder JF, Murphy SA, Bhatt DL, Leiter LA, McGuire DK, Wilding JPH, Ruff CT, Gause-Nilsson IAM, Fredriksson M, Johansson PA, Langkilde AM, Sabatine MS; DECLARE–TIMI 58 Investigators. Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 24;380(4):347-357. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812389. Epub 2018 Nov 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, Kato ET, Cahn A, Silverman MG, Zelniker TA, Kuder JF, Murphy SA, Bhatt DL, Leiter LA, McGuire DK, Wilding JPH, Ruff CT, Gause-Nilsson IAM, Fredriksson M, Johansson PA, Langkilde AM, Sabatine MS; DECLARE–TIMI 58 Investigators. Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 24;380(4):347-357. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812389. Epub 2018 Nov 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS), Florence Congress, Position Document. Local management of diabetic foot ulcers. Wounds International, 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS), Florence Congress, Position Document. Local management of diabetic foot ulcers. Wounds International, 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright RS, Anderson JL, Adams CD, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA focused update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (updating the 2007 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(19):1920-1959. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright RS, Anderson JL, Adams CD, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA focused update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (updating the 2007 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(19):1920-1959. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-2128. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-2128. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
