<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM10363</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-10363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ближайшие результаты лечения активной стадии стопы Шарко в амбулаторных условиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Short-term outcomes of treatment of active stage of Charcot foot in outpatient setting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-8452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>Anastasia G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, eLibrary SPIN: 6161-8594</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ans.dem@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5285-8303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бреговский</surname><given-names>Вадим Борисович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bregovskiy</surname><given-names>Vadim B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, eLibrary SPIN: 2547-3330</p><p>194354, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Сикейроса, д. 10Д</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, eLibrary SPIN: 2547-3330.</p><p>10D Sikeyros str., 194354, St-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">podiatr@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-8404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Ирина Альбертовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, eLibrary SPIN: 7691-6058</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, eLibrary SPIN: 7691-6058</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iakar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский территориальный диабетологический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg City Diabetes Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>316</fpage><lpage>323</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демина А.Г., Бреговский В.Б., Карпова И.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демина А.Г., Бреговский В.Б., Карпова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demina A.G., Bregovskiy V.B., Karpova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10363">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10363</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Многие аспекты консервативного лечения активной стадии диабетической нейроостеоартропатии Шарко до настоящего времени не стандартизованы и являются предметом дискуссий.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать результаты наблюдения за пациентами с активной стадией диабетической артропатии, обратившихся в амбулаторный кабинет «Диабетическая стопа», и выявить факторы, повлиявшие на эффективность лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Изучены результаты лечения 141 больного с активной стадией артропатии, из которых 78 человек согласились на иммобилизацию (основная группа), а 63 пациента отказались от любой разгрузки (контрольная группа), но при этом согласились остаться под наблюдением. Лечение артропатии состояло из иммобилизации при помощи индивидуальной разгрузочной повязки (ИРП) или тутора и применения костылей. Оценивали длительность активной стадии, нежелательные явления, динамику деформаций. В контрольной группе проводился анализ причин отказа от иммобилизации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Продолжительность артропатии до установления диагноза составила 3,2±2,8 месяца. Причины отказа от иммобилизации: не доверяет врачу - 38%, опасение потерять работу - 33%, сопутствующая патология - 11%, домашние обстоятельства - 18%. Длительность активной стадии в основной и контрольной группах составила 9 (6-19) и 15 (13-25) месяцев (р=0,001), а прогрессирование деформации в сравнении с исходной - 14% и 35% соответственно (р=0,01). Частота осложнений: в основной группе - 17,5%, в контрольной - 55,6% (в том числе 6 ампутаций) (р=0,01). Частота разрушения ИРП - 32%, туторов - 16,6%. Повреждения стопы при применении туторов и ИРП: 41,7% и 13,6%, p&lt;0,01. Длительность лечения при применении ИРП и туторов: 9 (6-15) и 13 (11-19) месяцев соответственно (р=0,02). Использование костылей уменьшало продолжительность иммобилизации.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Отмечается поздняя диагностика артропатии. Частота отказа от лечения в обследованной группе была высокой, и основные причины этого - социальные и психологические. Отмечена высокая частота повреждений стоп иммобилизирующими системами, а также их разрушения. Отказ от иммобилизации приводит к тяжелым гнойно-некротическим осложнениям, включая ампутацию. Применение ИРП при активной стадии артропатии более эффективно и безопасно в сравнении с туторами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Treatment options in patients with an acute Charcot foot is not well standardized and still challenging.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims: To evaluate the results of the non-operative treatment of patients with active stage of diabetic charcot arthropathy in outpatient foot clinic and to identify factors influenced on treatment results.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: Medical files of 141 patients with unilateral ulcer-free active charcot arthropathy were reviewed. 78 patients agreed for treatment (total contact cast or walker), 63 patients refused of treatment (follow-up only). The time of resolution of the acute stage, severity of final deformities and foot-related complications were evaluated. Refusers were asked about the cause of their decision.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Mean delay of the diagnosis was 3,2±2,8 months. Main causes of the refuse were: mistrust to doctor - 38%, problems with employment - 33%, home/family problems - 18%, medical reasons - 11%. Median healing times (months) in the treatment group vs controls: 9 (6 - 19) 15 (13 - 25) (p=0,001) and progression of the initial deformity: 14% and 35%, respectively (p=0,01). Foot-related complications: 17,5% in the treatment group and in 55,6% of controls (including 6 amputations) (p=0,001). Frequency of breaking the cast/walker - 32%/16,6%. Foot lesions due to cast/walker: 13,6%/41,7% (p&lt;0,01). Median healing times (months) with walkers - 13 (11 - 19), with casts - 9 (6 - 15) months (р=0,02). The use of crutches shortened healing time.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: The significant delay of diagnosis was revealed. The refuse rate in our cohort was high and main causes of the refuse were social and psychological. Neglect of treatment leads to high frequency and severity of foot-related complications. We noticed high rate of breaking of walkers and casts and device-related foot lesions. Total contact casts were more effective and safe compared with walkers.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая нейроартропатия</kwd><kwd>артропатия Шарко</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy</kwd><kwd>Charcot foot</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность Nina L. Petrova, PhD (Diabetic Foot Clinic, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. London) за ценные советы при подготовке статьи</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milne T, Rogers J, Kinnear E, et al. Developing an evidence-based clinical pathway for the assessment, diag-nosis and management of acute Charcot Neuro-Arthropathy: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2013;30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-6-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milne T, Rogers J, Kinnear E, et al. Developing an evidence-based clinical pathway for the assessment, diag-nosis and management of acute Charcot Neuro-Arthropathy: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2013;30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-6-30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schade V, Andersen C. A literature-based guide to the conservative and surgical management of the acute Charcot foot and ankle. Diabet Foot Ankle. 2015;19:6:26627. doi: https://doi.org/10.3402/dfa.v6.26627</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schade V, Andersen C. A literature-based guide to the conservative and surgical management of the acute Charcot foot and ankle. Diabet Foot Ankle. 2015;19:6:26627. doi: https://doi.org/10.3402/dfa.v6.26627</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vermeersch J, Doggen K, Dumont I, et al. Deformation at first presentation is associated with ulceration in active charcot foot: a prospective follow-up study of 62 patients of the IQED-foot study. Abstracts of 13th Meeting of the DFSG. 9-11 September 2016, Stuttgart, Germany; 2016. P 81. Available from: https://dfsg.org/fileadmin/user_upload/DFSG/CAP-Partner_DiabeticFootCourseGroup_programme_A5_korr10.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vermeersch J, Doggen K, Dumont I, et al. Deformation at first presentation is associated with ulceration in active charcot foot: a prospective follow-up study of 62 patients of the IQED-foot study. Abstracts of 13th Meeting of the DFSG. 9-11 September 2016, Stuttgart, Germany; 2016. P 81. Available from: https://dfsg.org/fileadmin/user_upload/DFSG/CAP-Partner_DiabeticFootCourseGroup_programme_A5_korr10.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rogers L, Frykberg R, Armstrong D, et al. The Charcot Foot in Diabetes. Diab Care. 2011;34(9):2123-2129. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-0844</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogers L, Frykberg R, Armstrong D, et al. The Charcot Foot in Diabetes. Diab Care. 2011;34(9):2123-2129. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-0844</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milne T, Rogers J, Kinnear E, et al. Developing an evidence-based clinical pathway for the assessment, diagnosis and management of acute Charcot Neuro-arthropathy: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2013;6(1):30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-6-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milne T, Rogers J, Kinnear E, et al. Developing an evidence-based clinical pathway for the assessment, diagnosis and management of acute Charcot Neuro-arthropathy: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2013;6(1):30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-6-30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chantelau E, Richter A. The acute diabetic Charcot foot managed on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging -a review of 71 cases. Swiss Med Wkly. 2013;143:w13831. doi: https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2013.13831</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chantelau E, Richter A. The acute diabetic Charcot foot managed on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging -a review of 71 cases. Swiss Med Wkly. 2013;143:w13831. doi: https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2013.13831</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Удовиченко О.В., Бублик Е.В., Максимова Н.В. и др. Эффективность иммобилизирующих разгрузочных повязок total contact cast: обзор зарубежных рандомизированных клинических исследований и собственные данные // Сахарный диабет. -2010. - №2. - С. 50-55.. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5674</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Udovichenko OV, Bublik EV, Maksimova NV, et al. Effectiveness of total-contact cast immobilization: overview of randomized clinical studies conducted in foreign clinics and original data. Diabetes mellitus. 2010;(2):50-55. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5674</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горохов С.В., Удовиченко О.В., Ульянова И.Н., и др. Педографическая и клиническая оценка эффективности иммобилизирующих разгрузочных повязок при синдроме диабетической стопы // Сахарный диабет. — 2012. — №3. — С. 50-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-6086</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorokhov SV, Udovichenko OV, Ulianova IN, et al. Pedographic and clinical assessment of total contact cast immobilization in diabetic foot syndrome. Diabetes mellitus. 2012;(3):50-58. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-6086</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демина А.Г., Бреговский В.Б., Карпова И.А. Применение ортопедической обуви больными сахарным диабетом с высоким риском ампутации и диабетической нейроостеоартропатией // Сахарный диабет. — 2015. — Т. 18. — №4. — С. 79-86. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM7186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demina AG, Bregovskiy VB, Karpova IA. The use of orthopaedic shoes in patients with diabetes at high risk of foot amputation and Charcot arthropathy. Diabetes mellitus. 2015;18(4):79-86. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM7186</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Удовиченко О.В., Галстян Г.Р. Применение иммобилизирующих разгрузочных повязок (методика Total Contact Cast) при лечении синдрома диабетической стопы. Методические рекомендации / Под ред. И.И. Дедова. — М., 2005. — 23 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Udovichenko OV, Galstyan GR. Primeneniye immobiliziruyushchikh razgruzochnykh povyazok (metodika Total Contact Cast) pri lechenii sindroma diabeticheskoy stopy. Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii. Ed. by I.I. Dedov. Moscow; 2005. 23 р. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson JE. Operative treatment of neuropathic arthropathy of the foot and ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1998;80-A:1700-1709.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson JE. Operative treatment of neuropathic arthropathy of the foot and ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1998;80-A:1700-1709.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mabilleau G, Edmonds M. Role of neuropathy on fracture healing in Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2010;10(1):84-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mabilleau G, Edmonds M. Role of neuropathy on fracture healing in Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2010;10(1):84-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crews R, Shen B, Campbell L, et al. Role and determinants of adherence to off-loading in diabetic foot ulcer healing: a prospective investigation. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(8):1371-1377. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-2373</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crews R, Shen B, Campbell L, et al. Role and determinants of adherence to off-loading in diabetic foot ulcer healing: a prospective investigation. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(8):1371-1377. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-2373</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinzur M, Lio T, Posner M, et al. Treatment of Eichenholtz stage I Charcot foot arthropathy with a weightbearing total contact cast. Foot Ankle Int. 2006; 27:324-329. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070602700503.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinzur M, Lio T, Posner M, et al. Treatment of Eichenholtz stage I Charcot foot arthropathy with a weightbearing total contact cast. Foot Ankle Int. 2006; 27:324-329. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070602700503.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daemen J, Emmen H, Hermus J, et al. Treating acute Charcot osteoarthropathy. The Maastricht experience. Abstracts of 8th International symposium on the diabetic foot. The Hague, Netherlands; 2019. P 111. - P33.03. https://diabeticfoot.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Abstractbook-ISDF2019.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daemen J, Emmen H, Hermus J, et al. Treating acute Charcot osteoarthropathy. The Maastricht experience. Abstracts of 8th International symposium on the diabetic foot. The Hague, Netherlands; 2019. P 111. - P33.03. https://diabeticfoot.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Abstractbook-ISDF2019.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guyton G. An analysis of iatrogenic complications from the total contact cast. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(11):903-907. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070502601101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guyton G. An analysis of iatrogenic complications from the total contact cast. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(11):903-907. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070502601101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owings T, Nicolosi N, Suba J, Botek G. Evaluating iatrogenic complications of the Total-Contact Cast in 8-year retrospective review at Cleveland clinic. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2016;106(1):1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.7547/14-107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Owings T, Nicolosi N, Suba J, Botek G. Evaluating iatrogenic complications of the Total-Contact Cast in 8-year retrospective review at Cleveland clinic. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2016;106(1):1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.7547/14-107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christensen T, Gade-Rasmussen B, Pedersen L, et al. Duration of off-loading and recurrence rate in Charcot osteo-arthropathy treated with less restrictive regimen with removable walker. J Diabetes Complications. 2012;26(5):430-434. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/jjdiacomp.2012.05.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christensen T, Gade-Rasmussen B, Pedersen L, et al. Duration of off-loading and recurrence rate in Charcot osteo-arthropathy treated with less restrictive regimen with removable walker. J Diabetes Complications. 2012;26(5):430-434. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/jjdiacomp.2012.05.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Game F, Catlow R, Jones G, et al. Audit of acute Charcot’s disease in the UK: the CDUK study. Diabetologia. 2012;55(1):32-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2354-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Game F, Catlow R, Jones G, et al. Audit of acute Charcot’s disease in the UK: the CDUK study. Diabetologia. 2012;55(1):32-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2354-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bus S, Netten J, Kottink A, et al. The efficacy of removable devices to offload and heal neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers in people with diabetes: a single-blinded multicentre randomised controlled trial. Int Wound J. 2018;15(1):65-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12835</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bus S, Netten J, Kottink A, et al. The efficacy of removable devices to offload and heal neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers in people with diabetes: a single-blinded multicentre randomised controlled trial. Int Wound J. 2018;15(1):65-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12835</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piaggesi A, Goretti C, Iacopi E, et al. Comparison of removable and irremovable walking boot to total contact casting in offloading the neuropathic diabetic foot ulceration. Foot Ankle Int. 2016;37(8):855-861. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1071100716643429</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piaggesi A, Goretti C, Iacopi E, et al. Comparison of removable and irremovable walking boot to total contact casting in offloading the neuropathic diabetic foot ulceration. Foot Ankle Int. 2016;37(8):855-861. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1071100716643429</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lavery L, Higgins K, La Fontaine J, et al. Randomised clinical trial to compare total contact casts, healing sandals and a shearreducing removable boot to heal diabetic foot ulcers. Int Wound J. 2015;12(6):710-715. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12213</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavery L, Higgins K, La Fontaine J, et al. Randomised clinical trial to compare total contact casts, healing sandals and a shearreducing removable boot to heal diabetic foot ulcers. Int Wound J. 2015;12(6):710-715. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12213</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
