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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM10273</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-10273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диабетическая ретинопатия: история, современные подходы к ведению, перспективные взгляды на профилактику и лечение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Юльевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>Tatiana Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.y.demidova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-2854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевников</surname><given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikov</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>clinical resident</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaaruds@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демидова Т.Ю., Кожевников А.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демидова Т.Ю., Кожевников А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demidova T.Y., Kozhevnikov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10273">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10273</self-uri><abstract><p>Диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР) является серьезным осложнением сахарного диабета (СД), которое при прогрессировании угрожает значительным снижением или полной потерей зрения. Она является лидирующей причиной слепоты у населения работоспособного возраста и, по общемировым оценкам, встречается у каждого третьего пациента с СД. ДР изучается уже более 160 лет, и внедрение в клиническую практику сначала лазерной коагуляции сетчатки в 20 в., а затем, в 21-м, и ингибиторов сосудистого эндотелиального фактора роста (VEGF) позволило воздействовать на пролиферацию сосудов при ДР и снизить риск потери зрения от диабетического макулярного отека (ДМО). Тем не менее эти инструменты способны лишь приостановить прогрессию ДР на стадиях с осложнениями с потерей зрения, и основным методом ведения для пациентов остается профилактика – скрининги и влияние на факторы риска (гипергликемия, артериальная гипертензия, дислипидемия). В настоящее время уделяется внимание возможным новым факторам риска (гиподинамия, ожирение, недостаточность массы тела, синдром обструктивного апноэ сна), идет поиск ранних маркеров ДР на глазном дне, что позволило бы более активно воздействовать на патологический процесс на ранних его стадиях. Настоящий обзор посвящен эпидемиологии, истории изучения, доказанным и вероятным факторам риска, современным и перспективным подходам к профилактике и лечению ДР, в том числе точным, менее травматичным лазерным методикам (PASCAL, NAVILAS, D-MPL) и изучающимся в исследованиях интравитреальным антиангиогенным препаратам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). As DR progresses, it could be complicated with a significant decrease or complete loss of vision. It is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population and, according to global estimates, occurs in one in every three patients with diabetes. DR has been studied for more than 160 years, and the implementation of retinal laser coagulation into clinical practice in the 20th century, and then vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in the 21th century, allowed us to influence vascular proliferation in DR and reduce the risk of vision loss from diabetic macular oedema (DME). However, these tools can only stop the progression of DR at the stages with risk of complications with vision loss, and prevention – screenings and the impact on risk factors (hyperglycaemia, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia) – remains as the main method of management of DR. Possible new risk factors (hypodynamy, obesity, body weight deficiency, and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome) attract a lot of attention, and there is ongoing research for early markers of DR in the fundus, which could allow more active influence on the pathological process in its early stages. This review focuses on epidemiology, history of research, proven and possible risk factors, and current and promising approaches to the prevention and treatment of DR, including accurate, less traumatic laser techniques (PASCAL, NAVILAS, and D-MPL), and intravitreal antiangiogenic drugs in studies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>диабетический макулярный отек</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>анти-VEGF</kwd><kwd>лазерная коагуляция</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>ранние изменения на сетчатке</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>diabetic macular edema</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>anti-VEGF</kwd><kwd>laser coagulation</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>early retinal changes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma RC. 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