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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM10228</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-10228</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-морфологические особенности формирования хронической плацентарной недостаточности, обусловленной разными типами сахарного диабета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular and morphological peculiarities of chronic placental insufficiency formation caused by different types of diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-4811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Траль</surname><given-names>Татьяна Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tral</surname><given-names>Tatyana G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ttg.tral@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6216-6220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толибова</surname><given-names>Гулрухсор Хайбуллоевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolibova</surname><given-names>Gulrukhsor Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulyatolibova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-0637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Валентиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.musina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-4147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярмолинская</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarmolinskaya</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор РАН, д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.yarmolinskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии им. Д.О. Отта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductolog</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>185</fpage><lpage>191</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Траль Т.Г., Толибова Г.Х., Мусина Е.В., Ярмолинская М.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Траль Т.Г., Толибова Г.Х., Мусина Е.В., Ярмолинская М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tral T.G., Tolibova G.K., Musina E.V., Yarmolinskaya M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10228">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10228</self-uri><abstract><p>Патогенез хронической плацентарной недостаточности во многом определяется типом сахарного диабета и степенью его компенсации. Нарушение трофической функции плаценты ведет к изменению ее гормональной активности, формированию дыхательных расстройств и развитию оксидативного стресса. Гистологическое строение плацент при сахарном диабете 1 типа (СД1) представлено уменьшенными в размерах ворсинами хориона всех уровней. В стволовых и промежуточных ворсинах выявляются стромальный отек, повышенное количество мезенхимальных стромальных клеток, в терминальных ворсинах – гиперваскуляризация и утолщение синцитиокапиллярных мембран. При сахарном диабете 2 типа (СД2) гистологическое строение плаценты может быть представлено как преждевременным созреванием, так и патологической незрелостью виллезного дерева с очаговым фиброзированием стромы ворсин, гиперваскуляризацией ворсин, обилием синцитиальных узелков и инфарктами в субхориальном пространстве. Особенностью строения плаценты при гестационном сахарном диабете (ГСД) является преимущественно промежуточный незрелый тип развития с патологией ангиогенеза. Нарушение процессов ангиогенеза и эндотелиальная дисфункция в ворсинах хориона на фоне гипергликемии изменяют проницаемость клеточных мембран, переводя клетки на анаэробное дыхание. Метаболический дисбаланс в плаценте служит причиной развития диабетической микроангиопатии в фетоплацентарном комплексе, антенатальной гипоксии и негативных перинатальных исходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Рathogenesis of the chronic placental insufficiency is largely determined by the type of diabetes mellitus and the degree of its compensation. Trophic function failure of placenta changes its hormonal activity, formation of respiratory disorders and development of oxidative stress. The histological structure of placentas among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is represented by reduced chorionic villi dimensions of all levels. Stromal edema and increased number of mesenchymal stromal cells are found in the stem and intermediate villi, and hypervascularisation and thickening of syncytiocapillary membranes are detected in terminal villi. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the histological structure of the placenta may be represented as a premature maturation and abnormal immaturity of the villous tree with focal fibrosis of villi stroma, hypervascularisation of villi, abundance of syncytial nodules and infarction in the subchorial space. The peculiarity of the placenta structure in gestational diabetes mellitus is predominantly an intermediate immature type of development with angiogenesis abnormality. Angiogenesis processes failure and endothelial dysfunction in chorionic villi associated with hyperglycaemia change the permeability of cell membranes, transferring cells to anaerobic respiration. Metabolic imbalance in the placenta causes the development of diabetic micro-angiopathy in the fetal-placental complex, antenatal hypoxia and negative perinatal outcomes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 1 типа</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>хроническая плацентарная недостаточность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus type 1</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus type 2</kwd><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>chronic placental insufficiency</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santa LM, Teshima LY, Forero JV, Giraldo AO. AngiomiRs: potential biomarkers of pregnancy’s vascular pathologies. J Pregnancy. 2015;2015:320386. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/320386</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santa LM, Teshima LY, Forero JV, Giraldo AO. 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