diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM10195diaendo-10195Research ArticleОбзорыReviewПотенциальная роль галанина в терапии сахарного диабета 2 типаPotential role of galanine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitushttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8831-4781ДоброхотовИгорь ВладимировичDobrokhotovIgor Vladimirovich

Кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник, eLibrary SPIN: 3465-7904.

121552 Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, д. 15a

MD, PhD, research associate, eLibrary SPIN: 3465-7904.

15a, Tretya Cherepkovskayast., 121552 Moscow

hum.d@narod.ruВеселоваОксана МихайловнаVeselovaOksana M.

Кандидат биологических наукб, старшийн аучный сотрудник, eLibrary SPIN: 6366-4603.

Москва

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Moscow

hum.d@narod.ruЛюбимовРоман ОлеговичLyubimovRoman O.

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Москва

Research assistant, eLibrary SPIN: 6542-2600.

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lubimov@onet.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологииРоссияNational Medical Research Center of CardiologyRussian Federation202002122020234368373Copyright © Доброхотов И.В., Веселова О.М., Любимов Р.О., 20202020Доброхотов И.В., Веселова О.М., Любимов Р.О.Dobrokhotov I.V., Veselova O.M., Lyubimov R.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10195

Растущая распространенность сахарного диабета требует оптимизации имеющихся и поиска новых подходов к лечению данного заболевания. Помимо инсулинорезистентности, вызванной дефектами в молекулярных механизмах реализации действия инсулина, необходимо изучать особенности работы других регуляторов, играющих заметную роль в процессе усвоения клетками глюкозы. Галанин, нейропептид из 29 (30 у человека) аминокислот, участвует в большом количестве различных жизненно важных функций, в том числе регуляции энергетического обмена в клетке. Галанин действует посредством взаимодействия с тремя рецепторами, связанными с G-белком, GAL1, GAL2 и GAL3, и передачи сигналов через несколько путей трансдукции, включая ингибирование циклического аденозинмонофосфата (цАМФ)/РКА (GAL1, GAL3) и стимуляцию фосфолипазы C (GAL2). Агонисты и антагонисты подтипов рецепторов галанина GalR1-3 могут использоваться в качестве предполагаемых терапевтических мишеней для лечения различных заболеваний человека. Накапливается все больше данных, доказывающих важную роль пептидного регулятора галанина в этиологии нарушения поглощения глюкозы инсулинозависимыми тканями. В обзоре рассматриваются такие эффекты галанина, как ингибирование синтеза инсулина, активация экспрессии и транслокации к плазматической клеточной мембране переносчика глюкозы GLUT4, увеличение уровня PPAR-g и уменьшение гиперконтрактивности двенадцатиперстной кишки. Приведенные данные подтверждают важность исследований, направленных на поиск эффективного антидиабетического препарата среди синтезированных аналогов галанина.

The growing incidence of diabetes mellitus requires the optimizing of existing approaches and searching for new ones to treat this disease. It is necessary to study the features of other regulators that play a significant role in the process of glucose uptake by cells, along with the insulin resistance caused by defects in the molecular mechanisms of insulin action. Galanine, a neuropeptide of 29 (30 in humans) amino acids, is involved in a large number of different vital functions, including regulating energy metabolism in the cell. Galanine interacts with three G protein-coupled receptors, GAL1, GAL2, and GAL3, and transmitting signals through several transduction pathways, including cAMP/PKA inhibition (GAL1, GAL3) and phospholipase C (GAL2) stimulation. Agonists and antagonists of galanine receptor subtype GalR1-3 can be used as intended therapeutic targets to treat various human diseases. We accumulated more data that prove the importance of the galanine peptide regulator in the etiology of impaired glucose uptake by insulin-dependent tissues. The review considers such effects of galanine, as inhibition of insulin synthesis, activation of expression and translocation to the plasma cell membrane of the glucose transporter GLUT4, increase of PPAR-g level, and decrease in duodenal hyper-contractility. These data confirm the importance of research to find an effective antidiabetic drug among the synthesized analogs of galanine.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.