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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM10194</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-10194</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новые взгляды на состояние кишечной микробиоты при ожирении и сахарном диабете 2 типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The new views on the state of the gut microbiota in obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5268-430X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровская</surname><given-names>Елена Владиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovskaya</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>clinical resident</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pokrovskaya.93@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-0142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамхалова</surname><given-names>Минара Шамхаловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamkhalova</surname><given-names>Minara S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shamkhalova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-127X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nephro@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>253</fpage><lpage>262</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Покровская Е.В., Шамхалова М.Ш., Шестакова М.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Покровская Е.В., Шамхалова М.Ш., Шестакова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pokrovskaya E.V., Shamkhalova M.S., Shestakova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10194">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10194</self-uri><abstract><p>Ожирение является глобальной проблемой последнего столетия, распространенность которой в развитых странах достигает характера пандемии. За последние годы появилось множество данных, указывающих на непосредственную связь между изменениями в составе микробиоты кишечника и развитием ожирения, а также сопутствующих ему заболеваний, в первую очередь сахарного диабета 2 типа. Для выработки оптимальных методов лечения и профилактики данных заболеваний необходимо структурировать имеющиеся знания о механизмах развития метаболических нарушений, роли в их развитии кишечной микрофлоры и возможных терапевтических мишенях. В данном обзоре рассмотрена роль микроорганизмов в жизнедеятельности человеческого организма в целом, с основным акцентом на развитие метаболических нарушений на примере животных моделей и накопленного опыта в исследованиях влияния на организм человека, а также обсуждены возможные варианты лечения, включающие бариатрическую хирургию, применение пре- и пробиотиков, пересадку кишечной микрофлоры и применение некоторых групп сахароснижающих препаратов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Obesity is a worldwide problem of the last century, the prevalence of which has reached pandemic proportions in developed countries. Over the past few years, a considerable amount of data has been gathered, reporting a direct link between changes in gut microbiota and the development of obesity, as well as related diseases, primarily, diabetes mellitus type 2. The elaboration of optimal methods of prevention and treatment regimens of these diseases needs to structure the existing knowledge about the mechanisms of development of metabolic disorders, the role of intestinal microbiota in the latter and possible therapeutic “targets”. This review examines the role of microorganisms in the human body, with the main focus on the developmental origins of metabolic disorders using animal models and accumulated experience of research on their effects on the human body, and also discusses possible treatment options, including bariatric surgery, fecal microbiota transplantation, the use of pre- and probiotics and certain particular groups of glucose-lowering drugs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>кишечная микрофлора</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>бариатрическая хирургия</kwd><kwd>сахароснижающие препараты</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>трансплантация фекальной микрофлоры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus type 2</kwd><kwd>bariatric surgery</kwd><kwd>glucose-lowering</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>fecal microbiota transplantation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Ивашкин К.В. 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