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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM10109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-10109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультразвуковые предикторы формирования макросомии при гестационном сахарном диабете</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasonic predictors of macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-2799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения ультразвуковой диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior researcher of the Department of ultrasound diagnostics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serzwer@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7066-3166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чечнева</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chechneva</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., руководитель отделения перинатальной диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina-chechneva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-0964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурумкулова</surname><given-names>Фатима Фархадовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burumkulova</surname><given-names>Fatima F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник терапевтического кабинета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, leading research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fatima-burumkulova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-3047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрухин</surname><given-names>Василий Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrukhin</surname><given-names>Vasily A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petruhin271058@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1299-7456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>Антон Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>Anton E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drpanov82@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5322-1021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плеханова</surname><given-names>Маргарита Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plechanova</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эндокринолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">margarita_kr@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-3476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улятовская</surname><given-names>Виктория Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulyatovskaya</surname><given-names>Victoria I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач акушер-гинеколог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1akmoniiag@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1346-7545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkova</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zunata2006@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-4841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюльпаков</surname><given-names>Анатолий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyulpakov</surname><given-names>Anatoliy N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий отделением наследственных эндокринопатий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ant@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной НИИ акушерства и гинекологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>358</fpage><lpage>366</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лысенко С.Н., Чечнева М.А., Бурумкулова Ф.Ф., Петрухин В.А., Панов А.Е., Плеханова М.А., Улятовская В.И., Зубкова Н.А., Тюльпаков А.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лысенко С.Н., Чечнева М.А., Бурумкулова Ф.Ф., Петрухин В.А., Панов А.Е., Плеханова М.А., Улятовская В.И., Зубкова Н.А., Тюльпаков А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lysenko S.N., Chechneva M.A., Burumkulova F.F., Petrukhin V.A., Panov A.E., Plechanova M.A., Ulyatovskaya V.I., Zubkova N.A., Tyulpakov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10109">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10109</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Основой ранней ультразвуковой (УЗ) диагностики диабетической фетопатии (ДФ) у беременных с гестационным сахарным диабетом (ГСД) является своевременное выявление макросомии и особенно асимметричных ее форм. У беременных с ГСД на диете выявление макросомии может являться показанием для начала инсулинотерапии. У беременных с гипергликемией, обусловленной мутацией в гене глюкокиназы (GCK), УЗ-динамика роста плода помогает предположить генотип плода, а также стратифицировать риски инсулинотерапии.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Определить прогностическую значимость выявления макросомии и расчета коэффициентов пропорциональности телосложения плода для диагностики ДФ у беременных с ГСД, в том числе с гипергликемией, обусловленной мутацией в гене GCK.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. Проведена УЗ-фетометрия у 95 беременных с ГСД (в том числе у 22 беременных с впервые выявленной во время беременности гипергликемией, обусловленной мутацией в гене GCK) (основная группа) и у 427 здоровых беременных (контрольная группа). Оценивались предполагаемая масса плода (ПМП), стандартные фетометрические показатели и коэффициенты пропорциональности. Ретроспективный анализ УЗ-предикторов макросомии проводился после оценки массы новорожденного и уточнения признаков ДФ.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В группе с ГСД у 51 (53,7%) беременной родились дети с фенотипическими признаками ДФ, в том числе с макросомией – 66,7% (34 ребенка). Мы выявили статистически значимые различия по ПМП между контрольной группой и группой беременных с ГСД, родивших детей с ДФ, уже с 32-й недели гестации. Коэффициенты пропорциональности (длина бедра/окружность живота (ДБ/ОЖ) и окружность головы/окружность живота (ОГ/ОЖ)), характеризующие формирование асимметричного типа телосложения плода, статистически значимо различались с 34 нед (Р&lt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Наиболее эффективными предиктивными фотометрическими показателями для диагностики макросомии являются размеры живота плода и ПМП &gt;90 перцентиля по сроку гестации. Специфичным признаком ДФ у беременных с ГСД является асимметрия его телосложения. У беременных с мутацией в гене GCK тенденция к макросомии выявлена только при отсутствии мутации у плода, однако инсулинотерапия при наличии аналогичной мутации у плода не приводила к значимому снижению его перцентильных диапазонов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: The basis of early ultrasound (US) diagnosis of diabetic fetopathy (DF) in pregnant with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the forehanded detection of macrosomia, especially its asymmetric forms. In pregnant with GDM on a diet therapy, the detection of macrosomia may be an indication for starting the insulin therapy. In pregnant with hyperglycemia due to mutation in the glucokinase gene (GCK), US fetal growth dynamics helps to assume the fetal genotype, as well as to stratify the risks of insulin therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: To determine the prognostic significance of asymmetric form of macrosomia and the value of the coefficients of proportionality for the diagnosis of DF in pregnant with GDM, including hyperglycemia due to mutation in the GCK gene.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: US fetometry was performed in 95 pregnant with GDM (including 22 pregnant with hyperglycemia caused by mutation in the GCK gene) (main group) and 427 healthy pregnant women (control group). Estimated fetal weight, standard fetometric indicators and coefficients of proportionality were evaluated. Retrospective analysis of US predictors of macrosomia was carried out after evaluating the weight of the newborn and clarifying the signs of DF.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: In the group with GDM, 51 (53.7%) pregnant had children with phenotypic symptoms of DF, including macrosomia – 66,7% (34 children). We found statistically significant differences in fetal weight between the control group and the main group who gave birth to children with DF starting from 32 weeks. The coefficients of proportionality (femur length/abdominal circumference and the head circumference/abdominal circumference), characterizing the formation of the asymmetric macrosomia were significantly from 34 weeks (Р&lt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The most effective predictive fetometric indicators for the diagnosis of fetal macrosomia are the dimensions of fetal abdomen and fetal weight &gt; 90 percentile for gestational age. A specific sign of DF in pregnant with GDM is the asymmetric macrosomia. In pregnant with a mutation in the GCK gene, the tendency to macrosomia was revealed only in the absence of a mutation in the fetus, but insulin therapy in the presence of a similar mutation in fetus did not lead to a significant decrease in its percentile ranges.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>диабетическая фетопатия</kwd><kwd>макросомия</kwd><kwd>моногенный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>diabetic fetopathy</kwd><kwd>macrosomia</kwd><kwd>monogenic diabetes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Молекулярно-генетическое исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект №16-15-10408).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Molecular genetic research was performed with a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 16-15-10408).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation. 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